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TNF\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors are an important group of DMARDs that are widely used. The paradoxical adverse events (PAEs) associated with the use of TNF\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors are divided into three categories: true paradoxical, borderline paradoxical, and non\u2010paradoxical. True PAEs include conditions for which TNF\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors are approved for treatment. Borderline PAEs are considered to occur with this class of drugs for which there is no definite approval but for which there is sufficient evidence. Although these events are rare, early recognition of the accused drug and appropriate decision\u2010making may prevent progression of complications and irreversible side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T09:56:25Z","timestamp":1714730185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Paradoxical and bimodal immune\u2010mediated dermatological side effects of TNF\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Elham","family":"Behrangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC) School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical 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