{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:07Z","timestamp":1773705607382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune depigmented disorder characterized by the presence of white and well\u2010defined patches on the skin, mucous membrane, or both. It is associated with a significant disease burden and has a profoundly impacts patients' quality of life. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) result from an autoimmune system dysregulation, leading to an erroneous immune attack on the thyroid gland. Previous observational and epidemiological studies have suggested the association between vitiligo and AITDs. However, the bidirectional cause\u2010effect relationship between vitiligo and AITDs has not been formally assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two\u2010sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between genetically increased risk of vitiligo and AITDs, using summary statistics from genome\u2010wide association studies in European populations. Causal effects were primarily estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, and additional quality control was performed using the MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weight mode methods. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The forward MR analysis showed a positive causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD). The odds ratio (OR) were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01\u20131.35;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04), 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03\u20131.22;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01), and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06\u20131.20;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), respectively. In the reverse MR analysis, a positive causal relationship was found between AIT and vitiligo, with an OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01\u20131.35;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04). However, no causal relationship was observed between AIH (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.10) or GD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.61) and vitiligo. Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The genetic\u2010level investigation provides evidence of a genetic causal association between susceptibility to vitiligo and an increased risk of AITDs. Additionally, the results demonstrate a genetic causal association between susceptibility to AIT and an increased risk of vitiligo, while not indicating a similar association with susceptibility to AIH or GD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T01:59:14Z","timestamp":1716947954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["RETRACTED: The causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A bidirectional two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1113-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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