{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:58:54Z","timestamp":1787968734704,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin hydration (SKH) measurements are used for multiple purposes: to study skin physiology, to clinically investigate dermatological issues, and to assess localized skin water in pathologies like diabetes and lymphedema. Often the volar forearm is measured at various times of day (TOD). This report aims to characterize intra\u2010day variations in volar forearm SKH to provide guidance on expected TOD dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty medical students (20 male) self\u2010measured tissue dielectric constant (TDC) on their non\u2010dominant forearm in triplicate as an index of local skin tissue water every 2 h starting at 0800 and ending at 2400\u00a0h. All were trained and pre\u2010certified in the procedure and had whole\u2010body fat (FAT%) and water (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O%) measured. Day average TDC (TDC\n                      <jats:sub>AVG<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was determined as the average of all time points expressed as mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Males versus females had similar ages (25.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2 years\u00a0vs. 25.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 years), higher H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O% (56.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.0\u00a0vs. 51.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), and higher TDC\n                      <jats:sub>AVG<\/jats:sub>\n                      (32.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1\u00a0vs. 28.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.008). TDC values were not significantly impacted by H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O% or FAT%. Female TDC exhibited a significant decreasing trend from morning to night (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004); male TDC showed no trend.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin water assessed by TDC shows some intra\u2010day variations for females and males but with quite different temporal patterns. Clinical relevance relates to the confidence level associated with skin hydration estimates when measured at different times of day during normal clinic hours which, based on the present data, is expected to be around 5% for both males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1720486965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intra\u2010day variations in volar forearm skin hydration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2690-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvey N.","family":"Mayrovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. 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