{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:53:10Z","timestamp":1777362790085,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Bipolar microneedling radiofrequency (RF) treatment generates different patterns of thermal reactions, depending on the skin impedance and RF treatment parameters, including the frequency, power, conduction time, settings of sub\u2010pulse packs, and penetrating depth and type of microneedles used. We compared the effect of sequential delivery of 1\u2010 and 2\u2010MHz bipolar RF energy to in vivo minipig skin on thermal tissue reaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n RF treatments at frequencies of 1 and 2\u00a0MHz were sequentially delivered to minipigs\u2019 skin in vivo. A histological study was performed to analyze RF\u2010induced skin reactions at 1\u2010h and at 3\u2010, 7\u2010, and 14\u2010days post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The skin specimens demonstrated that the two different frequencies of RF treatment generated mixed patterns of the peri\u2010electrode coagulative necrosis (PECN) according to the experimental settings and tissue impedance. In the PECN zone, the tissue coagulation induced by the first RF treatment was surrounded by the effect of the later RF treatment at the other RF frequency. In the inter\u2010electrode non\u2010necrotic thermal reaction zone, the effect of the latter RF treatment was widespread and deep through the dermis, which had received RF treatment at the other frequency first. The delivery of pulsed\u2010type RF energy at sub\u2010pulse packs of 6 or 10 provided effective RF delivery over long conduction time without excessive thermal damage of the epidermis. Nonetheless, by sequential delivery of two different RF frequencies, RF\u2010induced tissue reactions were found to be markedly enhanced.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The sequential delivery of 1\u2010 and 2\u2010MHz RF energy induces novel histological patterns of tissue reactions, which can synergistically enhance the thermostimulatory effects of each RF setting. Moreover, variations in patterns of tissue reactions can be generated by regulating the order of frequencies and the number of sub\u2010pulse packs of RF used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T12:40:29Z","timestamp":1725021629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of sequential delivery of 1\u2010 and 2\u2010MHz bipolar microneedling radiofrequency energy on thermal tissue reactions in a minipig model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Bin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center Shenb Co., Ltd Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yea\u2010Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laser Research Center College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center Shenb Co., Ltd Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center Shenb Co., Ltd Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Chul","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laser Research Center College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2016.1263365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S404631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S395072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.197028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S446814"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.13898","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.13898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T20:57:06Z","timestamp":1769893026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.13898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.13898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13898","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13898"}}