{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T01:39:58Z","timestamp":1774921198112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational studies have suggested a correlation between alopecia areata (AA) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). However, the causal relationship between AA and TD remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between these two conditions. Understanding the potential causal relationship between AA and TD is valuable for elucidating the pathogenesis of AA and for designing innovative methods to prevent and treat AA and its related complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All data for this two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study were sourced from public databases. This study selected hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, and Graves' disease as exposure factors, with AA as the outcome variable. Data for hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and AA were obtained from related genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS). Various MR analysis methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR\u2010Egger, and weighted median were utilized. Additionally, Cochrane's <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test was used to detect heterogeneity in MR results, and the MR\u2010Egger intercept test and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO) test were used to detect horizontal pleiotropy. A leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found statistically significant genetic predictions of AA with hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and subacute thyroiditis (IVW OR\u00a0=\u00a01.4009815, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1210399\u20131.750829; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003030698, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.396101, 95% CI: 1.030134\u20131.89208; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03144273, OR\u00a0=\u00a00.732702, 95% CI: 0.604812\u20130.887634; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001483368). Furthermore, tests for pleiotropy showed no evidence of pleiotropy, enhancing the credibility of the study results. Finally, the leave\u2010one\u2010out test demonstrated the stability and robustness of this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides new evidence of a potential genetic link between thyroid issues and AA. By employing the two\u2010sample MR method to eliminate confounding factors and reverse causation, unbiased results were obtained, confirming a causal relationship between hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and AA. This lays the foundation for further mechanistic studies and potential clinical applications. Future research should further explore the specific biological mechanisms between TD and the onset of AA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T16:12:47Z","timestamp":1727453567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RETRACTED: Thyroid Dysfunction and Alopecia Areata: A Genetic Prediction Causality Analysis Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College  Changzhi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhi Medical College  Changzhi 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