{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:09:37Z","timestamp":1766362177989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several skin disorder symptoms may appear in infants, each resulting from a different inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the relationship between skin cytokine levels and skin symptoms in newborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in Tokyo and Oita, two Japanese cities. The participants were healthy, 1\u2010month\u2010old infants and their parents. Symptoms including erythema, papules, dryness, and exudate\/yellow scaling on infant faces were evaluated as outcomes. Cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and IL\u201017) were measured by skin blotting. A multilevel analysis using a mixed\u2010effects model was conducted to account for regional differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 231 infants (119 from Tokyo and 112 from Oita) participated in this study. Erythema, papules, dryness, and exudate\/yellow scaling were present in 59 (25.5%), 133 (57.6%), 37 (16.0%), and 16 (6.9%) of the infants, respectively. In terms of the associations between symptoms and cytokines, there was a significant association between papules and IL\u20108 positivity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09\u20133.47) even after adjustment for differences in barrier function, area, and skin care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that cytokines were linked to skin conditions, even after accounting for regional differences and genetic factors. This suggests that different symptoms point to the involvement of various cytokines in skin conditions in neonates, with mechanisms varying based on the symptoms. These findings could aid in developing specific preventive strategies in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:43:39Z","timestamp":1728287019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship Between Cytokines and Face Skin Symptoms in Newborns in Two Japanese Cities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women's Health Division of Health Sciences and Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachi","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satsuki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women's Health Division of Health Sciences and Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Minematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Haruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women's Health Division of Health Sciences and Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2021.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.14080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000448461.25542.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24462\/jnse.6.1_33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010022\u201003691\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201031949\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12457"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:23:40Z","timestamp":1759958620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0909-752X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0846"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}