{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:50:33Z","timestamp":1774363833843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The established method in primary care to distinguish skin cancer from benign lesions is clinical examination, with or without dermoscopy. The experience among primary care physicians in assessing skin tumours varies, as does the accessibility to teledermoscopy. To enhance diagnostic performance, improved methods for skin tumour assessment are warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of a non\u2010invasive method that combines near\u2010infrared spectroscopy with skin impedance measurement (NIRIMP) to detect skin cancer in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NIRIMP measurements were collected prospectively from patients seeking primary care for skin lesion examination. The measurements were compared to the true lesion diagnosis using several machine learning methods, to determine the best machine learning methods to use and to determine the diagnostic performance of NIRIMP in distinguishing skin cancer from benign lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty participants with 109 lesions were included. Among these, 50 skin cancers or in situ cancers were detected: eight melanomas\/in situ melanomas, four in situ squamous cell carcinomas, and 38 basal cell carcinomas. The ability of NIRIMP to distinguish any skin cancer\/in situ cancer, as illustrated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), was 0.776 and for melanomas\/in situ melanomas alone the AUC was 0.911. When detecting any skin cancer, the AUC was slightly higher for NIR alone (0.826) compared to NIRIMP (0.776), whereas for IMP alone it was slightly lower (0.693).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Near infrared spectroscopy appears to be a promising bioengineering technique to detect skin cancer in primary care settings, of potential benefit for future skin lesion assessment. However, there was no compelling evidence supporting the benefit of adding skin impedance to improve diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:40:43Z","timestamp":1773304843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy Combined With Skin Impedance for Detection of Skin Cancer in Primary Care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maria Fragkou","family":"Dragka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Department of Dermatology and Venerology Linkoping University Medicine and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"L\u00f6fstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Science Department of Health Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Caring Sciences, and K\u00e4rna primary Healthcare Center Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland Linkoping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116000554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"2666","article-title":"Nevus or Malignant Melanoma? Correct Diagnostic Competence Results in Lower Costs","volume":"105","author":"Lindelof B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histological Assessment of Melanocytic Lesions: A Comparative Study of the Accuracy of the Diagnostic Methods","volume":"25","author":"Kalloniati E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.637069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of an Elastic\u2010Scattering Spectroscopy and Artificial Intelligence Device in the Assessment of Lesions Suggestive of Skin Cancer: A Comparative Effectiveness Study","volume":"14","author":"Manolakos D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319251344423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"Incorporating Patient Demographics Into Raman Spectroscopy Algorithm Improves In Vivo Skin Cancer Diagnostic Specificity","volume":"1","author":"Zhao J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Translat Biotronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"J.Snoek H.Larochelle andR. P.Adams \u201cPractical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms \u201dAdvances in Neural Information Process Systems 25 2012. Conference abstract."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical Comparisons of Classifiers Over Multiple Data Sets","volume":"7","author":"Demsar J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0343-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","article-title":"Computer\u2010Assisted Diagnosis Techniques (Dermoscopy and Spectroscopy\u2010Based) for Diagnosing Skin Cancer in Adults","volume":"12","author":"Ferrante di Ruffano L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.70344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:52:03Z","timestamp":1774360323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.70344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.70344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.70344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70344"}}