{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:34:41Z","timestamp":1777275281225,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Chemical exfoliation efficacy is significantly limited by pH\u2010dependent permeability reduction above the pKa of glycolic acid (3.83), constraining consumer product development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To develop and evaluate a biphasic serum utilizing temporary lecithin\u2010glycolate ion\u2010pairing to enhance\n stratum corneum<\/jats:italic>\n permeation while maintaining safety at pH 3.9.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A biphasic formulation containing 10\u00a0wt% (weight percent) glycolic acid and 0.1\u00a0wt% lecithin was developed. Temporary ion\u2010pairing was characterized by FT\u2010IR spectroscopy.\n Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n permeation and exfoliation were evaluated using porcine skin models. A 2\u2010week double\u2010blind, split\u2010face clinical study (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 37) assessed efficacy using instrumental probes (Visioscan, Corneofix, VISIA\u2010CR, and ANTERA 3D) for exfoliation\u2010related parameters and sensitive skin compatibility.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n FT\u2010IR analysis confirmed lecithin\u2010glycolate bonding via red\u2010shifted C = O peaks, with spectral comparisons before and after shaking demonstrating the reversible nature of the change. The biphasic serum achieved 4.19\u2010fold higher epidermal glycolic acid delivery compared to conventional formulations with minimal deep penetration. Clinical evaluation demonstrated superior exfoliation (45.52% improvement, p < 0.001), enhanced skin brightness, texture, and hydration. Redness and transepidermal water loss, assessed for sensitive skin suitability, showed significant improvements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The biphasic system successfully overcomes pH\u2010dependent limitations of glycolic acid through temporary ion\u2010pairing, providing enhanced exfoliation efficacy with a superior safety profile for consumer applications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:16:48Z","timestamp":1776316608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shake\u2010Induced Temporary Ion\u2010Pairing Between Lecithin and Glycolic Acid for Enhanced Exfoliation in a Novel Biphasic Serum: Comparative\n Ex Vivo<\/i>\n and in Vivo Randomised Studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Koo Chul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Headquarters SEORIN COMPANY Co., Ltd. Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Headquarters SEORIN COMPANY Co., Ltd. Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12424"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.2002.00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90214-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S453243"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"3221","article-title":"The Hydroxy Acids: Where Have We Been and What's New?","volume":"22","author":"Gupta A. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Chemical Peels in Active Acne and Acne Scars","volume":"39","author":"Sharad J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinics in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.03.011"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"7219","article-title":"Dual Effects of Alpha\u2010Hydroxy Acids on the Skin","volume":"28","author":"Tang S. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13788"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122818"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2021.102437"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsurfi.2025.100543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12871"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.70349","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T06:37:00Z","timestamp":1777271820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.70349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.70349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.70349","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70349"}}