{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:46:19Z","timestamp":1782290779404,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional cosmetic materials with anti\u2010aging properties, such as wrinkle reduction, often struggle to penetrate the skin's stratum corneum (skin barrier). Therefore, to exert anti\u2010aging effects, these materials must pass through the skin barrier and reach fibroblasts in the dermal layer. In this study, deformable liposomes were developed for efficient transdermal delivery of retinol, a well\u2010known anti\u2010wrinkle agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five formulations (ML\u20101 to ML\u20105) were prepared using hydrogenated lecithin (HL) and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) as an edge activator with HL:MEL mass ratios of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10. Their physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency and deformability index were analyzed. For the optimal formulation, the liposome morphology was observed using cryo\u2010TEM, and the retinol skin penetration ability of each liposome formulation was evaluated using a Franz diffusion cell.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Their physicochemical properties were investigated, and ML\u20104 with an HL:MEL mass ratio of 3:7 was identified as the optimal formulation for transdermal delivery (particle size 89.3\u00b16.8\u00a0nm, zeta potential \u221225.2\u00b11.1\u00a0mV, polydispersity index 0.263\u00b10.012, encapsulation efficiency 86.3\u00b12.3%, and deformability index 5.76\u00b11.9). Cryo\u2010TEM analysis confirmed the liposomal morphology of ML\u20104. The retinol skin penetration ability of each formulation was evaluated using the Franz diffusion cell, with the conventional liposome (ML\u20101) without MEL as the control. The ML\u20104 formulation achieved a total retinol penetration of 29.0%, a 10.6% increase compared to ML\u20101 (18.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the ML\u20104 deformable liposome formulation, using MEL as an edge activator, efficiently encapsulates retinol, a wrinkle improvement agent, and improves skin penetration without causing physical damage. These findings suggest that ML\u20104 can serve as an efficient transdermal delivery system for functional cosmetic materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:56:37Z","timestamp":1780664197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinol\u2010Loaded Mannosylerythritol Lipid Nanoliposome for Enhanced Human Skin Penetration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Han\u2010woong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASK Company Co. Ltd  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae\u2010Sung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASK Company Co. 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Ltd  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Nam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Engineering Department of Biohealth Convergence College of Science and Convergence Technology Seoul Women's University  Seoul Republic of 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