{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:03:36Z","timestamp":1790330616356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin photoaging, which is characterized by decreased collagen levels in the dermis. Both silybin and sodium acetylated hyaluronate (HA) are potential anti\u2010aging compounds. However, when used alone, both agents show limited anti\u2010aging efficacy. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of silybin and HA on UV\u2010induced skin photoaging and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, cytotoxicities of silybin and HA were assessed across a range of concentrations, both with and without UV exposure. We quantified mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase\u20101 (MMP\u20101), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III) after silybin and HA treatment to study their collagen synthesis promotion and degradation inhibition effects. Reducibility and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity were also characterized for each compound. Collagen protein content was then measured after individual and combined treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Silybin showed obvious cytotoxicity when its concentration reached 0.01%, while HA remained largely non\u2010toxic even at concentrations of 1%. UV irradiation slightly increased the cytotoxicity of both silybin and HA. Notably, silybin effectively inhibited collagen degradation by downregulating MMP\u20101 mRNA expression, although it failed to upregulate Col I and III mRNA levels. In contrast, HA did not inhibit, and at higher concentrations slightly elevated, MMP\u20101 mRNA expression, while it was efficient in promoting Col I and III mRNA expression. Therefore, combined treatment with silybin and HA led to the downregulation of MMP\u20101 mRNA levels and upregulation of Col I and III mRNA levels. Silybin also showed high reducibility and therefore provided strong ROS scavenging capacity. As MMP\u20101 synthesis is primarily induced by ROS, silybin exhibited strong MMP\u20101 inhibition. Meanwhile, HA showed weak ROS scavenging capacity owing to its low reducibility. Nevertheless, the combination of silybin and HA inhibited collagen degradation (primarily via silybin) and promoted Col I and III mRNA expression and protein synthesis (primarily via HA), thereby increasing overall collagen protein levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals the complementary mechanisms through which silybin and HA collectively increase dermal collagen levels\u2014silybin by protecting existing collagen from degradation and HA by promoting collagen synthesis\u2014guiding their combined use in cosmetics to protect the skin from UV\u2010induced photoaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:41:20Z","timestamp":1789202480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Effect of Silybin and Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate on UV\u2010Induced Photoaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanliang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Zhongkejian Technology Testing Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anzhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyu Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co., Ltd  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2010.501842"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2012.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1828-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Increases the Self\u2010Defense of Skin Epithelium by Induction of Beta\u2010Defensin 2 via TLR2 and TLR4","volume":"43","author":"Gariboldi S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Human Meniscus Cells via a CD44\u2010Dependent Mechanism","volume":"60","author":"Murakami T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Taylor & Francis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.09-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Effects of Carboxymethyl\u2010Chitosan and \u2010Chitin on MMP Inhibition Related With ROS Scavenging in HT1080 human Fibrosarcoma Cells","volume":"4","author":"Jung\u2010Ae K. 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M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/srt.70382","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/srt.70382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:28:00Z","timestamp":1790328480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/srt.70382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/srt.70382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.70382","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70382"}}