{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:03:31Z","timestamp":1790330611046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Condyloma acuminata (CA) is clinically associated with localized immunosuppression, yet the mechanisms underlying HPV\u2010mediated immune evasion remain poorly understood. Although the long non\u2010coding RNA MIR31HG has been implicated in inflammatory regulation, its role in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of CA has not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed MIR31HG expression in CA and normal skin tissues. HaCaT cells infected with CA\u2010derived HPV6\/11 (HPV6\/11\u2010HaCaT) and controls treated with skin\u2010derived supernatant were established to explore the association between HPV6\/11 and MIR31HG. The HPV6\/11\u2010HaCaT model was further used to investigate the effects of MIR31HG on cytokine secretion and macrophage polarization. Bioinformatic prediction, dual\u2010luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments targeting PI3K\/AKT and IL\u20104 signaling were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MIR31HG was significantly upregulated in CA keratinocytes compared with normal skin. In vitro, HPV6\/11 induced the expression of MIR31HG. Functional studies demonstrated that MIR31HG induced a cytokine shift in HPV6\/11\u2010HaCaT cells, characterized by elevated anti\u2010inflammatory IL\u20104 and reduced pro\u2010inflammatory mediators, including TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b2, IL\u20106 and IL\u20108. This IL\u20104 surge promoted M2\u2010like macrophage polarization, a hallmark of immunosuppression, thereby contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment in CA. Mechanistically, MIR31HG functioned as a ceRNA for miR\u2010214\u20103p in HPV6\/11\u2010HaCaT cells, leading to enhanced PTEN expression and subsequent suppression of the PI3K\/AKT pathway, thereby contributing to an immunosuppressive cytokine profile and M2\u2010like macrophage polarization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the immunomodulatory role of keratinocytes in CA and highlight the MIR31HG\/IL\u20104 axis as a novel therapeutic target for CA, bridging mechanistic insight with translational potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:35:59Z","timestamp":1789540559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MIR31HG Modulates IL\u20104 Secretion by Keratinocytes and M2\u2010Like Macrophage Polarization to Promote Local Immunosuppression in Condyloma Acuminata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094547"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"794","article-title":"Condylomata Acuminata 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