{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1761513418987},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tissue Antigens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune thrombocytopenia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content>) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by an isolated low platelet count in the absence of other identifiable causes. Genes influencing activation of the immune system have been identified as influencing predisposition. Killer cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>) control T\u2010cell and natural killer (NK) cell function via inhibitory and activating signalling pathways. The inhibitory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DL3<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL2<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL1<\/jats:styled-content> are up\u2010regulated in the T\u2010cells of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> in remission relative to those with active disease, and an association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS2<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DL2<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> has also been reported. No comprehensive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> analysis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> has been reported. We performed genotyping of all currently known <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> genes using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSP\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) on a cohort of 83 adult patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> (chronic\/persistent or relapsed primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> identified by defined criteria) and 106 age matched healthy white volunteers. Non\u2010white patients were not included in the analysis. There was an over\u2010representation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS3<\/jats:styled-content> (known to be in linkage disequilibrium with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS2<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">2DL2<\/jats:styled-content>) and under\u2010representation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS5<\/jats:styled-content> (also protective against other immune mediated disorders) in adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20090.16, confidence interval (CI) 0.08\u20130.32, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. By multivariable binary logistic regression to adjust for age, sex and the effects of other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> genes, the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS2<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">2DL2<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS5<\/jats:styled-content> abrogated the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS2<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">2DL2<\/jats:styled-content> and the protective benefit of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR2DS5<\/jats:styled-content>. Further studies are required to establish the mechanistic basis for these observations and their potential impact on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITP<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T11:50:58Z","timestamp":1392205858000},"page":"154-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The presence of <scp>KIR2DS5<\/scp> confers protection against adult immune thrombocytopenia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"L. A.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Haematology, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, Queensland Australia"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Nourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Crooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Haematology, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wockner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Haematology, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Monash Medical Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. K.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Haematology, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31820e7f05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32834d7ce3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.2818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.10.2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1337.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-004-0575-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Pathophysiology and therapeutic options in primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"9","author":"Stasi R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-070656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.1.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-162503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2009.01259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-010-0478-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"CarringtonM NormanP. 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