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Detected early after transplantation,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    often moves towards complete chimerism, although sometimes it may evolve into graft rejection, especially if the proportion of donor cells is very low. However, some patients develop stable\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , defined as persistent when donor\u2010 and host\u2010derived cells coexist for periods longer than 2\u2009years after\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Patients with persistent mixed chimerism (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) do not require additional red blood cell support and, regardless of the presence in some cases of an extremely low percentage of donor\u2010derived nucleated cells in the bone marrow, their condition is clinically controlled by an incomplete but functional graft, as they express a two\u2010 to fivefold enrichment of donor\u2010derived mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. These findings have tremendous implications not only in the context of allogeneic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    but also in the design of gene therapy trials based on the autologous transplantation of genetically modified\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD34<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    + cells. Recent studies have shown that durable allograft tolerance has been achieved by induction of haematopoietic chimerism in clinical kidney transplantation, showing the involvement of regulatory T cells. Similarly, it has been shown that the regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in promoting and maintaining immune tolerance in patients that develop a status of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    after\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for Thalassemia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T20:47:26Z","timestamp":1393015646000},"page":"137-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Mixed chimerism in haemoglobinopathies: from risk of graft rejection to immune tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Andreani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology IME Foundation at Polyclinic of Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Testi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology IME Foundation at Polyclinic of Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Lucarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia IME Foundation at Polyclinic of Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.4.511.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198312013092202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1345.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.5.2082.2082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation\u20102010.1.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1592","article-title":"Innovative approaches to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with thalassemia","volume":"90","author":"Locatelli F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.12.4350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.3332.3332","article-title":"Long\u2010term results of bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia major in Pescara","volume":"104","author":"Di Bartolomeo P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-265884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"G. 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