{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:48:04Z","timestamp":1790365684565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A catalogue of common and well\u2010documented (CWD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA), previously established by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), is widely used as indicator for typing ambiguities to be resolved in tissue transplantation or for checking the universality of any HLA allele in the world. However, European population samples, which are characterized by a substantial level of genetic variation, are underrepresented in the ASHI catalogue. Therefore, the Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) has facilitated data collection for an European CWD catalogue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To this end, 2nd\u2010field HLA\u2010A, \u2010B, \u2010C,\u2010 DRB1,\u2010 DQA1,\u2010 DQB1 and \u2010DPB1 data of 77 to 121 European population samples (21 571\u20103 966 984 individuals) from 3 large databases, HLA\u2010net\/<jats:sc>Gene[VA]<\/jats:sc>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/allelefrequencies.net\">allelefrequencies.net<\/jats:ext-link> and DKMS, were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total number of CWD alleles is similar in the EFI (N = 1048) and ASHI (N = 1031) catalogues, but the former counts less common (N = 236 vs 377) and more well\u2010documented (N = 812 vs 654) alleles than the latter, possibly reflecting differences in sample numbers and sizes. Interestingly, approximately half of the CWD alleles reported by EFI were not reported by ASHI and vice\u2010versa, underlining the distinct features of the two catalogues. Also, although 78 common alleles are widely distributed across Europe, some alleles are only common within specific sub\u2010regions, showing regional variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the definition of CWD alleles itself is affected by different parameters, calling for current updates of the list, the EFI CWD catalogue provides new insights into European population genetics and will be a very useful tool for tissue\u2010typing laboratories in and beyond Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T02:20:43Z","timestamp":1484792443000},"page":"104-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Common and well\u2010documented HLA alleles over all of Europe and within European sub\u2010regions: A catalogue from the European Federation for Immunogenetics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Sanchez\u2010Mazas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling history (AGP), Department of Genetics and Evolution\u2014Anthropology Unit University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), University of Geneva Medical Center (CMU)  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling history (AGP), Department of Genetics and Evolution\u2014Anthropology Unit University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), University of Geneva Medical Center (CMU)  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Transplant Immunology Laboratory Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, German Bone Marrow Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Buhler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling history (AGP), Department of Genetics and Evolution\u2014Anthropology Unit University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Transplantation Immunology Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility (UIT\/LNRH), Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, German Bone Marrow Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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H.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, German Bone Marrow Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Nicoloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Transfusion Swiss Red Cross (SRC)\/Swiss Blood Stem Cells  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3451-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Andreani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, IME Foundation Policlinic of the University of Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Grubic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Tissue Typing Center University Hospital Center Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010M.","family":"Tiercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Transplantation Immunology Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility (UIT\/LNRH), Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Fleischhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), EFI Central Office  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy University Hospital 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