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These <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSA<\/jats:styled-content> are induced by foreign epitopes present on the mismatched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> antigens of the donor. However, not all epitopes appear to be equally effective in their ability to induce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSA<\/jats:styled-content>. Understanding the characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> epitopes is crucial for optimal epitope matching in clinical transplantation. In this review, the latest insights on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> epitopes are described with a special focus on the definition of immunogenicity and antigenicity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> epitopes. 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