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The results of full\u2010gene NGS\u2010MiSeq sequencing compared with those obtained by traditional typing techniques or limited sequencing strategies showed that segregating sites located outside exon 2 are crucial to describe not only class I but also class II population diversity. A comprehensive analysis of exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 nucleotide diversity at the 8 HLA loci revealed remarkable differences among these gene regions, notably a greater variation concentrated in the antigen recognition sites of class I exons 3 and some class II exons 2, likely associated with their peptide\u2010presentation function, a lower diversity of HLA\u2010C exon 3, possibly related to its role as a KIR ligand, and a peculiar molecular diversity of HLA\u2010A exon 2, revealing demographic signals. Based on full\u2010length HLA sequences, we also propose that the most frequent DRB1 allele in the studied population,<jats:italic>DRB1*13:04<\/jats:italic>, emerged from an allelic conversion involving 3 potential alleles as donors and<jats:italic>DRB1*11:02:01<\/jats:italic>as recipient. Finally, our analysis revealed a high occurrence of the<jats:italic>DRB1*13:04\u2010DQA1*05:05:01\u2010DQB1*03:19<\/jats:italic>haplotype, possibly resulting from a selective sweep due to protection to<jats:italic>Onchorcerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>, a prevalent pathogen in West Africa. This study unveils highly relevant information on the molecular evolution of HLA genes in relation to their immune function, calling for similar analyses in other populations living in contrasting environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.13180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T10:50:44Z","timestamp":1511261444000},"page":"36-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Deciphering the fine nucleotide diversity of full HLA class I and class II genes in a well\u2010documented population from sub\u2010Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Goeury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution \u2010 Anthropology Unit University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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