{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:18:58Z","timestamp":1790615938744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To develop better vaccines and more targeted treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders, the disease\u2010specific T cells and their cognate antigens need to be better characterized. For more than two decades, peptide\u2010major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) tetramers and flow cytometry have been the gold standard for detection of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells specific to antigens in the context of MHC class I and class II, respectively. Nonetheless, more recent studies combining such reagents with mass cytometry, that is, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), have offered far more comprehensive profiling of antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses. In addition, mass cytometry has enabled ex vivo screening of CD8+ T\u2010cell reactivities against hundreds of MHC class I restricted candidate epitopes. MHC class II molecules, on the other hand, have been challenging to combine with mass cytometry as they are more complex and bind with lower affinities to cognate T\u2010cell receptors than MHC class I molecules. In this review, I discuss how techniques originally developed to improve the staining capacity of pMHC tetramers in flow cytometry led to the successful combination of such reagents with mass cytometry. Especially, I will highlight very recent advances facilitating the combination with pMHC class II tetramers. Together, these mass cytometry\u2010based studies can help develop more targeted treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.13789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T14:11:09Z","timestamp":1577801469000},"page":"169-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Peptide\u2010MHC class I and class II tetramers: From flow to mass cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-807X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn","family":"Christophersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Norway"},{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Oslo  Oslo 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