{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:47:18Z","timestamp":1769280438538,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The remarkable variability of response to vaccines against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is apparent. The present study aims to estimate the extent to which the host genetic background contributes to this variability in terms of immune response and side effects following the administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We carried out a genome wide association study (GWAS) by genotyping 873 Italian healthcare workers who underwent anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine and for whom information about anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike antibodies titers and vaccine side effects were available. The GWAS revealed a significant association between the HLA locus and the anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike antibodies level at 2\u2009months following the first dose of vaccine (SNP: rs1737060; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099.80\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>). In particular, we observed a positive association between the antibody levels and the presence of the <jats:italic>HLA\u2010A*03:01<\/jats:italic> allele. The same allele was found associated with a 2\u20132.4\u2010fold increased risk of experiencing specific side effects such as fever, chills and myalgia and a 1.5\u20131.8\u2010fold increased risk of joint pain, nausea, fatigue, headache and asthenia, independently of age and sex. This study confirms that the heterogeneity in the immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine and in its side effects are at least partially influenced by genetic variants. This information, integrated with individual biological and lifestyle\u2010related correlates, could be of use in the definition of algorithms aimed at the identification of subjects in which the administration of additional vaccine doses would be particularly beneficial to maintain immunity against the virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T05:21:12Z","timestamp":1689830472000},"page":"707-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genome\u2010wide association studies of response and side effects to the <scp>BNT162b2<\/scp> vaccine in Italian healthcare workers: Increased antibody levels and side effects in carriers of the <i>HLA\u2010A*03:01<\/i> allele"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Magri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Marchina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adamo Pio","family":"D'Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2010IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Cappellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2010IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology ASST Spedali Civili  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Terlenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology ASST Spedali Civili  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Biasiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Highly Specialized Laboratory ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Zanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Section of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention ASST Spedali Civili  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology ASST Spedali Civili  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Executive Office ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2010IRCCS \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"De Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention ASST Spedali Civili  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Gennarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Genetics Unit IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University & Medicine.Coronavirus Research Center. John Hopkins University of Medicine; 2020.https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/research-and-innovation\/research-area\/health-research-and-innovation\/coronavirus-research_en#actions"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246\u2010020\u201000280\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004447\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"AIFA.Rapporto sulla Sorveglianza dei vaccini anti\u2010COVID\u201019 Rapporto numero 13 \u2013 Periodo dal 27\/12\/2020 al 26\/09\/2022.https:\/\/www.aifa.gov.it\/rapporti-su-sorveglianza-dei-vaccini-covid-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2021.26.6.2100096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcllerL Andr\u00e9eM MoskorzW et al.Age\u2010dependent immune response to the Biontech\/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID\u201019 vaccination.medRxiv. 2021.03.03.21251066. doi:10.1101\/2021.03.03.21251066","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.03.21251066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439\u2010009\u20100763\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201002078\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.14546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2021.100084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NogawaS KanamoriH TokudaK et al.Identification of susceptibility loci for adverse events following COVID\u201019 vaccination in the Japanese population: a web\u2010based genome\u2010wide association study.medRxiv. 2021.11.30.21267043. doi:10.1101\/2021.11.30.21267043","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.11.30.21267043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v112i3.11747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v113i2.13017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.986085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742\u2010015\u20100047\u2010847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010021\u201000935\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201001261\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Administration F and D.Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting December 10 2020; 2020.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/144245\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003739\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2022.2149732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102172\u201015\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","unstructured":"CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Obesity Race\/Ethnicity and COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data\/obesity-and-covid-19.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2008.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(21)00224\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817070115"}],"container-title":["HLA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tan.15157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1702098935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tan.15157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tan.15157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tan.15157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-2302","2059-2310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-2302","type":"print"},{"value":"2059-2310","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}