{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:58:48Z","timestamp":1756310328284,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007371","name":"Svend Andersen Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005111","name":"Rigshospitalet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E\u201022614\u201002","E\u201022614\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E\u201022614\u201002","E\u201022614\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003122","name":"Ferring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003122","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more pregnancy losses before the 24th week of gestation, affects 1%\u20133% of women worldwide. Approximately, 40% of RPL cases are secondary RPL (sRPL), where women have given birth before facing pregnancy losses. The underlying causes of RPL remain unclear, but immune\u2010related factors may play a role. Previously, a randomised controlled trial using immunoglobulin (IVIG) in sRPL women with a history of four pregnancy losses performed in our RPL unit did not show significant effects of IVIG treatment overall. Yet, some evidence suggests potential benefits for a subset of sRPL patients. In the cohort used for the randomised controlled trial, we examined the role of maternal HLA class II\u2010presented fetal HLA\u2010derived epitopes in sRPL using the predicted indirectly recognisable HLA epitopes (PIRCHE\u2010II) algorithm. In the placebo group, sRPL mothers with an anti\u2010HLA antibody response had higher PIRCHE\u2010II scores when having a live birth compared with sRPL women who experienced another pregnancy loss. This difference was not observed in the IVIG\u2010treated group. Furthermore, as a proxy for T\u2010cell memory, the number of overlapping peptides between the two paternal haplotypes in couples having live births without treatment displayed a larger number of overlapping peptides. This effect was primarily driven by class II\u2010derived peptides. These results suggest that specific combinations of sRPL mothers and fathers, particularly those with an anti\u2010HLA antibody response, may generate higher PIRCHE\u2010II scores, which could contribute to successful live births. Understanding these immune interactions may provide insights for personalised diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in sRPL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T09:36:13Z","timestamp":1729157773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paternal <scp>HLA<\/scp>\u2010Derived Epitopes and Live Birth in Secondary\u00a0Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: New Insights From\u00a0a\u00a0Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria\u00a0Christine","family":"Krog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Units, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9656-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma\u00a0T.\u00a0M.","family":"Peereboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Geneugelijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedict\u00a0M.","family":"Matern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research and Development, PIRCHE AG  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid\u00a0Marie","family":"Kolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Units, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole\u00a0Bjarne","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss of Western Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg 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