{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:38:41Z","timestamp":1782902321972,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Donor\/recipient mismatched HLA antigens can lead to the production of Donor\u2010Specific Antibodies by the recipient, which are deleterious to organ transplants. The HLA\u2010DQ locus is the most frequent target, with both the DQ beta and alpha chains involved. For deceased donors in particular, while HLA\u2010DQB1 has been typed in emergencies for a long time, HLA\u2010DQA1 has only recently been included. No imputation algorithmic tool was available to impute HLA\u2010DQA1 until the development of HaploSFHI, trained on 61,393 two\u2010field typings by NGS methods. We evaluated the accuracy of two\u2010field HLA\u2010DQA1 imputation from serological and two\u2010field level HLA\u2010A, B, DRB1, and DQB1 typings. We report a highly accurate two\u2010field HLA\u2010DQA1 prediction using a French test cohort of 7696 individuals, respectively reaching 92.30% and 96.45% accuracy. The average \u2018False Positive eplet load\u2019 stood at 0.19 and 0.07, respectively, and the average \u2018False Negative eplet load\u2019 at 0.18 and 0.08, respectively. A similar performance was obtained on three independent test cohorts of European ancestry (from the USA, the UK, and Portugal). Interestingly, performance was only slightly inferior on five independent test cohorts of other ethnicities (from Hong Kong and the USA) whereas it was significantly lower for two\u2010field DRB1 imputation from its serological level. These results suggest that DQA1 can reliably be imputed even when information is totally missing, with low error risk at both antigen and eplet levels, even if the reference population is not matched. Similar additional initiatives would be welcome to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:43:39Z","timestamp":1745462619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating the Antigen and Eplet Accuracy of\n                    <scp>DQA1<\/scp>\n                    Imputations With the\n                    <scp>HaploSFHI<\/scp>\n                    Two\u2010Field\n                    <scp>HLA<\/scp>\n                    Typing Inference Tool"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-5415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Lhotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory Saint\u2010Louis Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM U976 Eq.\u00a03 HIPI IRSL Saint\u2010Louis Hospital Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2714-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathi","family":"Murphey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory Southwest Immunodiagnostics, Inc  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Tafulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Sangue e Da Transplanta\u00e7\u00e3o Do Porto Instituto Portugu\u00eas Do Sangue e da Transplanta\u00e7\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4366-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Usureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory Saint\u2010Louis Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magali","family":"Devriese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory Saint\u2010Louis Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"SFHI Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Letort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MICS\u2010Research Laboratory in Mathematics and Computer Science at CentraleSup\u00e9lec  Gif\u2010Sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Luc","family":"Taupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory Saint\u2010Louis Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM U976 Eq.\u00a03 HIPI IRSL Saint\u2010Louis Hospital Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467\u2010019\u201004344\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020010019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14951"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.13811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2023.101908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"The Impact of HLA\u2010DQ Molecular Mismatches on De Novo Occurrence of Donor\u2010Specific Anti\u2010HLA Antibodies After Kidney Transplantation: An Observational Cohort Study","volume":"20","author":"Senev A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.800946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"R.Lhotte V.Clichet C.Usureau andJ.\u2010L.Taupin \u201cPython Eplet Load Calculator \u201d(2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7254809."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.McKinney \u201cData Structures for Statistical Computing in Python \u201d(2010) 56\u201361 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