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Considering that the HLA association is mechanistically tied to a preferential presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells, its presence suggests that only one or a few HLA\u2010binding peptides are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis. By contrast, if many antigenic peptides are involved, the likelihood for involvement of several HLA allotypes increases and, consequently, the disease will not appear as an HLA associated disease even though T cells could play equally important roles. With B cells serving as antigen\u2010presenting cells, the B\u2010cell receptor will improve antigen uptake and, at the same time, serve as a pruning filter for antigen thus giving rise to the above\u2010described scenario of few antigenic peptides being preferred for presentation to CD4+ T cells. This notion of B cells as key antigen presenting cells in HLA class II\u2010associated diseases is supported by recent results from coeliac disease. This paper, written on the occasion of deliverance of the Ceppellini Award Lecture in 2025, reviews the HLA association of coeliac disease and presents the experimental data obtained for this disorder which demonstrate how disease\u2010specific autoantibodies are connected to disease\u2010associated HLA\u2010DQ allotypes via involvement of the antigen\u2010presenting capacity of B cells. The view of B cells as key antigen\u2010presenting cells should be reconciled with the impressive effectiveness of B\u2010cell\u2010targeting therapies for the treatment of HLA class II\u2010associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.70535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:02:18Z","timestamp":1767866538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Key Roles of B Cells and B\u2010Cell Receptors in\n                    <scp>HLA<\/scp>\n                    Class\n                    <scp>II<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Associated Diseases: Insights From Coeliac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8860-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludvig M.","family":"Sollid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre Institute of Clinical 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