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This case\u2013control study included 238 individuals with MGUS (&gt;\u20095\u2009years follow\u2010up without MM progression) and 618\u2009MM patients from MCW Froedtert Hospital (2011\u20132020). Using multivariable logistic regression, Omnibus test and conditional haplotype tests, we identified HLA alleles and amino acid positions associated with MM risk compared to MGUS. The\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010A*30:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20097.90, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.05\u201320.00,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.04\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B*08:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.40, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.28\u20130.58,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.16\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1*15:03<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.26, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.16\u20130.43,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.14\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were consistently identified to be associated with the risk of MM when compared with MGUS across the four imputed datasets. Additional associations were observed for\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010A*30:02<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.45, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.28\u20130.72,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20098.66\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010C*07:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.62, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.49\u20130.79,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>pooled<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20096.49\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) in two or three imputation datasets. Omnibus test identified three amino acid positions associated with MM risk:\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010A<\/jats:italic>\n                    position 152 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Omnibus<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005),\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic>\n                    position 9 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>omnibus<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.034) and\n                    <jats:italic>HLA\u2010C<\/jats:italic>\n                    position 66 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>omnibus<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011). These findings suggest an important role of HLA class I and II molecules in the genetic susceptibility of MM compared with MGUS, suggesting alterations in peptide\u2010binding capabilities may impair immune recognition of malignant cells. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and elucidate the biological mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.70589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:58:02Z","timestamp":1770976682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fine Mapping of\n                    <scp>MHC<\/scp>\n                    Region Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci in Multiple Myeloma When Comparing With Its Precursor Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Shahram","family":"Arsang\u2010Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Massat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical Center  Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gokul","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Jiangsu Cancer Centre, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bicky","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Patek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Data Science Institute Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda T. 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