{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:53:16Z","timestamp":1793447596362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HLA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The non\u2010classical Class I genes (HLA\u2010E, HLA\u2010F and HLA\u2010G) show limited protein\u2010level diversity; however, full\u2010length analyses that include regulatory and noncoding regions have not been sufficiently performed in East Asian populations. We designed new primers for long\u2010range PCR and conducted PacBio SMRT sequencing to generate full\u2010length gene sequences of HLA\u2010E, HLA\u2010F and HLA\u2010G, including 5\u2032 and 3\u2032 untranslated regions (UTRs) as well as coding and intronic regions in 531 healthy Japanese individuals. These data enabled the full phasing of HLA\u2010E, HLA\u2010F and HLA\u2010G, including upstream and downstream variants, at four\u2010field resolution. We identified 24 HLA\u2010E alleles, 30 HLA\u2010F alleles and 19 HLA\u2010G alleles, including a total of 36 novel (10 HLA\u2010E, 19 HLA\u2010F and 7 HLA\u2010G) and 16 extended alleles (13 HLA\u2010E, 1 HLA\u2010F and 2 HLA\u2010G). Protein\u2010level diversity for HLA\u2010E was limited, with\n                    <jats:italic>E*01:03<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E*01:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    predominating. For HLA\u2010F, despite the predominance of\n                    <jats:italic>F*01:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    (96.7%), noncoding diversity at four\u2010field resolution was abundant; the expression\u2010linked rs2523405\u2010T allele phased with\n                    <jats:italic>F*01:01:02<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>F*01:01:06<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as with a subset of\n                    <jats:italic>F*01:01:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    sub alleles. For HLA\u2010G, consistent with previous reports, four\u2010field resolution alleles and UTR variants formed fully co\u2010segregating haplotypes. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis at four\u2010field resolution showed no LD between HLA\u2010E and either HLA\u2010F or HLA\u2010G, whereas moderate LD was observed between HLA\u2010F and HLA\u2010G; the strongest signal was driven by\n                    <jats:italic>F*01:01:02:09<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which forms a haplotype with\n                    <jats:italic>G*01:01:03:03<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In summary, full\u2010gene long\u2010read sequencing clarified allele frequencies of non\u2010classical Class I genes in the Japanese population, delineated phasing in regulatory regions and refined the LD structure between HLA\u2010F and HLA\u2010G by resolving four\u2010field haplotypes. These data constitute an important reference for immunogenetic research, transplantation and disease\u2010association studies in the Japanese population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.70898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:48:10Z","timestamp":1786420090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Haplotype Architecture of Non\u2010Classical\n                    <scp>HLA<\/scp>\n                    Class I Genes in the Japanese Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1707-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikue","family":"Ito\u2010Naito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H.U. Group Research Institute G.K.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6809-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seik\u2010Soon","family":"Khor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Medical Science Project National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.U. Group Research Institute G.K.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.U. Group Research Institute G.K.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.U. Group Research Institute G.K.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H.U. Group Research Institute G.K.  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