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Albeit dogs have long been held as the major reservoirs of <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>, the involvement of domestic cats in the zoonotic cycle of visceral leishmaniasis has gained prominence. Here, 240 cats were evaluated by clinical signs and haematological\/biochemical changes compatible with leishmaniasis and were diagnosed by serological, molecular, and parasitological techniques. Thus, four cats naturally infected by <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> were submitted to xenodiagnosis. A total of 203 females of <jats:italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic> were subjected to feeding on four cats, with all females completing the blood meal. Parasitological and molecular assays were carried out to evaluate the presence of <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> in the sand flies\u2019 midgut. Promastigotes were observed in 10 females (6.5%) that fed on one cat, and <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> DNA was detected in 17 (8.4%) females that fed on two cats. Our results strengthen the evidence that naturally infected cats are capable of transmitting <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> to sand flies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T16:08:50Z","timestamp":1625587730000},"page":"2182-2190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Xenodiagnosis in four domestic cats naturally infected by <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7762-5453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geovanna","family":"Vioti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo 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Tiago","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0617-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Augusto Franco","family":"Leonel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno Wolfgang Balbini","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Cristina","family":"Benassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Cesar Pereira","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Animal Science Universidade Estadual Paulista  Ilha Solteira Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice Aparecida Bianchi","family":"Galati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Public Health University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilma Aparecida","family":"Starke\u2010Buzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT) Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (NOVA)  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3916-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tr\u00edcia Maria Ferreira de Sousa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo 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