{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:11:40Z","timestamp":1787623900692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transbounding Emerging Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute Q fever is a generally self\u2010limiting infection caused by the intracellular gram\u2010negative bacterium <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>. For yet unknown reasons, a subset of patients develops chronic infection. Furthermore, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as post\u2010acute Q fever sequelae has been described. We here investigated the rates of chronic Q fever and incidences of CFS 6 years after one of the largest European Q fever outbreaks that occurred in Jena, Germany in 2005 with 331 reported cases, who lived in proximity of a grazing flock of sheep. A total of 80 patients and their 52 non\u2010diseased household members from the former outbreak, were enrolled 6 years after the outbreak. Blood samples were collected and tested for chronic Q fever which was determined by seroprevalence using referenced immunofluorescence assays. Also, the presence of CFS was assessed using the Short Form Symptom Inventory developed by the Centers (United States) for Disease Control and Prevention (SF CDC\u2010 SI). In 80 out of 132 (60.6%) study participants, previous Q fever infection was confirmed serologically, while no previous infection was detected in the 52 household members. None of the participants fulfilled the serological criteria of chronic Q fever. The evaluation of the CDC\u2010SI did not show any differences between the two groups. Also, there was no difference between both groups regarding fulfillment of CFS\u2010defining criteria (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3 (3.8%; sero\u2010positive) versus <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2 (3.8%; sero\u2010negative), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.655). Our 6\u2010year follow\u2010up study of a large Q fever outbreak did not find evidence of chronic Q fever or post Q fever CFS. There was no asymptomatic sero\u2010positivity in household members of Q fever patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T12:35:35Z","timestamp":1625834135000},"page":"2219-2226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Incidence of chronic Q fever and chronic fatigue syndrome: A 6 year follow\u2010up of a large Q fever outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane","family":"Ankert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Frosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dianovis Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics  Greiz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Pletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever\u2014United states, 2013: Recommendations from CDC and the Q fever working group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Committee on the diagnostic criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome; board on the health of select populations; institute of medicine. beyond myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: Redefining an illness. washington (DC): National academies press (US);2015feb 10.available from:https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK274235\/doi: 10.17226\/19012 [cited 2019 may 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