{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:15:15Z","timestamp":1790511315406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transbounding Emerging Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) challenges intensive dairy production in Ethiopia and implementation of the test and slaughter control strategy is not economically acceptable in the country. Vaccination of cattle with Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) could be an important adjunct to control, which would require a diagnostic test to differentiate <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>)\u2010infected and BCG\u2010vaccinated animals (DIVA role). This study describes an evaluation of a DIVA skin test (DST) that is based on a cocktail (DSTc) or fusion (DSTf) of specific (ESAT\u20106, CFP\u201010 and Rv3615c) <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic> proteins in Zebu\u2013Holstein\u2013Friesians crossbred cattle in Ethiopia. The study animals used were 74 calves (35 BCG vaccinated and 39 unvaccinated) aged less than 3 weeks at the start of experiment and 68 naturally infected \u2018TB reactor\u2019 cows. Six weeks after vaccination, the 74 calves were tested with the DSTc and the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test. The TB reactor cows were tested with the DSTc and the SICCT test. Reactions to the DSTc were not observed in BCG\u2010vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, while SICCT test reactions were detected in vaccinated calves. DSTc reactions were detected in 95.6% of the TB reactor cows and single intradermal tuberculin positive reactions were found in 98.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 92.1\u2013100%). The sensitivity of the DSTc was 95.6% (95% CI, 87.6\u201399.1%), and significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) higher than the sensitivity (75%, 95% CI, 63.0\u201384.7%) of the SICCT test at 4\u00a0mm cut\u2010off. DSTf and DSTc reactions were correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.75; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.53\u20130.88). In conclusion, the DSTc could differentiate <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected from BCG\u2010vaccinated cattle in Ethiopia. DST had higher sensitivity than the SICCT test. Hence, the DSTc could be used as a diagnostic tool for bTB if BCG vaccination is implemented for the control of bTB in Ethiopia and other countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T09:21:25Z","timestamp":1627723285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Field evaluation of specific mycobacterial protein\u2010based skin test for the differentiation of <i>Mycobacterium bovis\u2010<\/i>infected and Bacillus Calmette Guerin\u2010vaccinated crossbred cattle in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Berecha","family":"Bayissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Vaccine Production and Drug Formulation Directorate National Veterinary Institute  Bishoftu Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asegedech","family":"Sirak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre  Sebeta Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboma","family":"Zewude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adane","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balako","family":"Gumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw  Addlestone Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Glyn","family":"Hewinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberystwyth University  Ceredigion UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L. N.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw  Addlestone Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the ETHICOBOTS consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Martin","family":"Vordermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw  Addlestone Surrey UK"},{"name":"Aberystwyth University  Ceredigion UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3987-0671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gobena","family":"Ameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Food and Agriculture United Arab Emirates University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00205\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.b4881"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005271421976"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed14252.12618"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.20.1.1266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2009.36899"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed14252.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for control of tuberculosis in domestic livestock and wildlife","volume":"5","author":"Buddle B. 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