{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:32:10Z","timestamp":1790541130328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001584","name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transbounding Emerging Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination of badgers with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) has been shown to protect badgers against tuberculosis in experimental trials. During the 3\u2010year County Kilkenny BCG vaccine field study, badgers were treated orally with placebo (100% in Zone A), BCG (100% in Zone C) or randomly assigned 50%: 50% treatment with BCG or placebo (Zone B). At the end of the study, 275 badgers were removed from the trial area and subjected to detailed post\u2010mortem examination followed by histology and culture for <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>. Among these badgers, 83 (30.2%) were captured for the first time across the three zones, representing a non\u2010treated proportion of the population. Analysis of the data based on the infection status of treated animals showed a prevalence of 52% (95% CI: 40%\u201363%) infection in Zone A (placebo), 39% (95% CI: 17%\u201364%) in Zone B (placebo) and 44% (95% CI: 20%\u201370%) in Zone B (BCG vaccinated) and 24% (95% CI: 14%\u201336%) in Zone C (BCG vaccinated). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of animals with infection involving the lung and thoracic lymph nodes, extra\u2010thoracic infection or in the distribution and severity scores of histological lesions. Among the 83 non\u2010treated badgers removed at the end of the study, the infection prevalence of animals in Zone A (prevalence\u00a0=\u00a046%, 95% CI: 32%\u201361%) and Zone B (prevalence\u00a0=\u00a044%, 95% CI: 23%\u201367%) was similar to the treated animals in these zones. However, in Zone C, no evidence of infection was found in any of the untreated badgers (prevalence\u00a0=\u00a00%, 95% CI: 0%\u201314%). This is consistent with an indirect protective effect in the non\u2010vaccinated badgers leading to a high level of population immunity. The results suggest that BCG vaccination of badgers could be a highly effective means of reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in badger populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T14:14:44Z","timestamp":1627740884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Protective immunity against tuberculosis in a free\u2010living badger population vaccinated orally with <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i> Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3900-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eamonn","family":"Gormley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"N\u00ed Bhuachalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine  Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Fitzsimons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"O'Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine  Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA) School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie M.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA) School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Backweston Co.  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