{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:21:35Z","timestamp":1787016095514,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transbounding Emerging Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Brucellosis is an endemic disease in many developing countries and ranked by the World Health Organization among the top seven \u201cneglected zoonoses\u201d. Although a Palestinian brucellosis control program was launched in 1998, the disease re\u2010emerged after 2012. Interestingly, a similar re\u2010emerging pattern was reported in the neighbouring Israeli regions. The aim of this work was to characterize the re\u2010emerging strains and delineate their genetic relatedness. During 2015\u20132017, blood samples from 1324 suspected human cases were analyzed using two serological tests. Seropositive samples were cultured, and their DNAs were analyzed by different genetic markers to determine the involved\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and rule out any possible involvement of the Rev.1 vaccine strain. The\n                    <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was sequenced from nine isolates to screen for rifampicin resistance mutations. Multi locus VNTR analysis (MLVA\u201016) was used for genotyping the isolates. The molecular analysis showed that all isolates were\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains unrelated to the Rev.1 vaccine. The\n                    <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene sequences showed four single nucleotide variations (SNVs) not associated with rifampicin resistance. MLVA\u201016 analysis clustered the isolates into 22 unique genotypes that belonged to the East Mediterranean lineage. Altogether, our findings\u00a0show that the re\u2010emergence of brucellosis was due to\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains of local origin, the Palestinian and Israeli control programs\u2019 weaknesses could be a major factor behind the re\u2010emergence of the disease. However, other socioeconomic and environmental factors must be investigated. Moreover, strengthening brucellosis control programs and enhancing cooperation between all stakeholders is essential to ensure long\u2010term program outcomes to fight brucellosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T11:07:47Z","timestamp":1627729667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Brucellosis re\u2010emergence after a decade of quiescence in Palestine, 2015\u20132017: A seroprevalence and molecular characterization study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Bessan","family":"Aljanazreh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palestine Korea Biotechnology Center Palestine Polytechnic University  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Alzatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palestine Korea Biotechnology Center Palestine Polytechnic University  Hebron Palestine"},{"name":"Palestine Red Crescent Specialized Hospital  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palestine Korea Biotechnology Center Palestine Polytechnic University  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Alsaafeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Hebron Health Directorate Palestinian Ministry of Health  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waheed","family":"Hassouneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palestine Red Crescent Specialized Hospital  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqoub","family":"Ashhab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palestine Korea Biotechnology Center Palestine Polytechnic University  Hebron Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.037"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Recent trends in human brucellosis in Israel","volume":"13","author":"Anis E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"IMAJ\u2010Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Validation of RT\u2010qPCR technique for detection of Brucella genome in milk sheep and goat in west bank part of Palestine","volume":"20","author":"Awwad E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Bulletin. 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Garin\u2010Bastuji B. Hars J. Tattevin P. Catelinois O. Bourg V. L. Mick V. &Lucht F.(2015 October 9).Re\u2010emergence of brucellosis in cattle and humans from a silent wildlife reservoir and consequences on human exposures management in a brucellosis\u2010free country[Paper presentation]. Open Forum Infectious Diseases.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv133.870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PCBS. (2013).Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) announces the main results for Livestock Survey 2013. PCBS. Retrieved July 4 2021 2021 fromhttps:\/\/pcbs.gov.ps\/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PCBS. (2020).About 13.5 million Palestinians in the historical Palestine and diaspora. PCBS. 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