{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:57:04Z","timestamp":1791899824895,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transbounding Emerging Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T04:07:51Z","timestamp":1647749271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Factors affecting the use of biosecurity measures for the protection of ruminant livestock and farm workers against infectious diseases in central South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Veerle","family":"Msimang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Section Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service  Sandringham South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda K.","family":"Rostal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoHealth Alliance, New York  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cordel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ExecuVet (Pty) LTD  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Machalaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoHealth Alliance, New York  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tempia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Bagge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoHealth Alliance, New York  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity J.","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology National Health Laboratory Service Universitas  Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Virology Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Karesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoHealth Alliance, New York  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz T.","family":"Paweska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service  Sandringham South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for Viral Zoonoses University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Section Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"African Union Inter\u2010African Bureau for Animal Resources. (2015).The Livestock Development Strategy for Africa (LiDeSA) 2015\u20132035: The roadmap to a successful livestock sector.Nairobi KenyaRetrieved fromhttp:\/\/repository.au\u2010ibar.org\/handle\/123456789\/540."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Commissioned research report for the high level panel on the assessment of key legislation and the acceleration of fundamental change","author":"Aliber M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Land use and rural livelihoods: Have they been enhanced through land reform?","author":"Andrew M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejq016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellini S.(2018).Technical item 1 : Application of biosecurity in different production systems at individual country and regional levels.Paper presented at the 28th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for Europe Tbilisi Georgia.https:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/publications\u2010and\u2010documentation\/compendium\u2010of\u2010technical\u2010items\/","DOI":"10.20506\/TT.2934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751\u20100147\u201054\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2014.928925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104768"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03031853.2017.1286249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019\u201016312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Government Gazette South Africa","author":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Republic of South Africa","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Government Gazette","author":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Republic of South Africa","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Abstract of agricultural statistics 2019","volume":"56","author":"Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Republic of South Africa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agrekon"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/9233\u2010011210\u2010Reg.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640\u2010016\u20100102\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2369220.2369236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v72i3.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567\u2010018\u20100560\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"The socio\u2010economic implications of the livestock ban in Somaliland","author":"Holleman C. F.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004059\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.njas.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"Hanbuch der klimatologie in f\u00fcnf banden. Die geographische system der klimate","author":"K\u00f6ppen W. G.","year":"1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Biosecurity : Your first line of defence against disease: poultry focus \u2010 preventing disease","volume":"2018","author":"Kriel G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Farmer's Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.36.2.2665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","volume-title":"Impacts of Rift Valley fever virus: A One Health approach to assess burden and inform prevention and control options","author":"Machalaba C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40003\u2010014\u20100097\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03031853.2021.1894190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v43i3.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","volume-title":"Draft Country report, UF\/USAID\/SADC Heartwater Research Project","author":"Minjauw B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"Thematic study: Agricultural value chains in South Africa and the implications for employment\u2010intensive land reform","author":"Neves D.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201062453\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41130\u2010016\u20100022\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2013.874.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017\u201012815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","volume-title":"OECD\u2010FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020\u20132029","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation Development and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v79i1.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","unstructured":"Siekkinen K.\u2010M. Heikkila J. Tammiranta N. &Rosengren H.(2008).The costs of biosecurity at the farm level: The case of Finnish broiler.Paper presented at the 12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/78.2.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","volume-title":"Options for the delivery of primary animal health care for livestock farmers on communal land in South Africa : Mnisi community case study","author":"Simela L.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","unstructured":"Simon S.(2007 28\/07\/2007).What is phi coefficient?StATS P.Mean. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.pmean.com\/definitions\/phi.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9040123"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Factors influencing communal livestock farmers\u2019 participation into the National Red Meat Development Programme (NRMDP) in South Africa: the case of the Eastern Cape Province","volume":"11","author":"Sotsha K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010015\u20100477\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","unstructured":"Vallat B.(2015).Adapted and resilient animal health and animal production systems are key to efficiently address the effects of climate change. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/adapted\u2010and\u2010resilient\u2010animal\u2010health\u2010and\u2010animal\u2010production\u2010systems\u2010are\u2010key\u2010to\u2010efficiently\u2010address\u2010the\u2010effects\u2010of\u2010climate\u2010change\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.39.2.3106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Five diseases, one vaccine: A boost for emerging livestock farmers in South Africa","author":"Wallace D. B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stories of change"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Windsor. (2017 20\u201324 November).How to implement farm biosecurity: the role of governmental and private sector.Paper presented at the 30th Conference of the OIE Regional Commision for Asia the Far East and Oceania. Putrajaya Malaysia.","DOI":"10.20506\/TT.2761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010019\u20101961\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health. (2019).Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/what\u2010we\u2010do\/standards\/codes\u2010and\u2010manuals\/terrestrial\u2010code\u2010online\u2010access\/"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tbed.14525","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tbed.14525","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tbed.14525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T15:43:16Z","timestamp":1675957396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tbed.14525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tbed.14525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.14525","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}