{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:09:46Z","timestamp":1790636986344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Mental distress seriously affects the quality of life of medical students. Medical students face mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and hopelessness. The pre\u2010clinical years include substantial changes in a student's life, such as moving cities and losing friends, which can complicate an already stressful life, leading to depression and hopelessness. This study aims to determine the levels of depression and hopelessness, and the habits that can affect these levels, among pre\u2010clinical medical students.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A descriptive cross\u2010sectional study was conducted using anonymous questionnaires composed of the Beck Depression Scale (\n BDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (\n BHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and questions about sociodemographic and perceived reasons for happiness or unhappiness. We invited pre\u2010clinical medical students to join the study.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Particularly during the pre\u2010clinical years, medical students face the adverse effects of changing cities, social circles co\u2010workers<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:disp-quote>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1015 (70.5%) students participated in the study. The prevalence of depression among pre\u2010clinical students was found to be 27.7 per cent and mild levels of hopelessness were found in 54.4 per cent. A meaningful positive correlation was found between the\n BDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores and\n BHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores of medical students (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.535; p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). The\n BDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores of students who were ex\u2010smokers, daily consumers of fizzy beverages and energy drinks, and students with chronic diseases were significantly higher (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The\n BHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores of the students who were ex\u2010smokers and daily consumers of fizzy drinks, as well as intersex students, had significantly higher scores than the other groups (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n A healthy social life and effective psychological counselling services are very much needed for mental well\u2010being among medical students in their pre\u2010clinical year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T22:12:33Z","timestamp":1565302353000},"page":"345-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Depression and hopelessness in pre\u2010clinical medical students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8716-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Coskun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Ozgurcan","family":"Ocalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cetin Batuhan","family":"Ocbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2156-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huseyin Omer","family":"Semiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Budakoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Loneliness, hopelessness, anxiety and self compassion of medical students: Gazi example","volume":"25","author":"Budako\u011flu II","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gazi Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ap.32.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2017.1283829"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in medical students related to desire for and expectations from a medical career","volume":"59","author":"Karaoglu N","year":"2010","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0738"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Beck Depresyon Envanteri'nin ge\u00e7erli\u011fi \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma","volume":"6","author":"Hisli N","year":"1988","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Umutsuzluk \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi: ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi","volume":"1","author":"Seber G","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kriz Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200604000-00009"}],"container-title":["The Clinical 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