{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:36:53Z","timestamp":1789925813503,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are events where the number of patients may exceed the resources available for emergency management. In emergency departments (ED), MCIs go along with high patient allocation in a short time period. For ED staff, simulation\u2010based immersive scenario training can be an effective tool to develop communicative and leadership competencies to manage these situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A novel simulation\u2010based immersion experience was developed for senior residents in emergency care. To our knowledge, this is the first scenario training focusing on in\u2010hospital triage and management of MCI in an ED using simulated patients, visual tracking, bodycams and active participant location tracking as educational tools. The participants were either directly involved by managing triage and allocation of in\u2010hospital resources for 14 patients or in remote observation of the running scenario on an audiovisual basis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evaluation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After implementation of the pilot MCI simulation\u2010based scenario training, 13 participants completed surveys (48% response rate) including open\u2010ended response items. Quantitative data and open\u2010ended responses using an electronic response system were sequentially analysed to evaluate training feasibility and acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We designed a novel simulation\u2010based MCI scenario training focusing on learning objectives involving confidence gain in ED triage. Although this format is extremely resource and time consuming, the highly positive evaluation (participants strongly agreed or agreed that the simulation scenario was suitable for in\u2010hospital MCI triage training) implies that this innovative education technique should be considered for future emergency medical services (EMS) training sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:43:44Z","timestamp":1743144224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Triaging in Mass Casualty Incidents: A Simulation\u2010Based Scenario Training for Emergency Care Senior Residents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy","family":"Rotzoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Skills and Simulation Centre LernKlinik Leipzig University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Red Cross Local State Rescue School  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"St\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protestant Deaconess Hospital  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hartwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.119053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X2300660X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X13000241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41077\u2010020\u201000147\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-018-0515-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181637edc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"784","article-title":"Special Emergency Situations and Hazard Control in German Hospitals\u2014A Survey on the Current State","volume":"72","author":"Forst M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2019.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/ajdm.2019.0322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2022.84"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"S70","article-title":"Implementation of a Workshop of Mass Casualty Incident Triage Using an Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation","volume":"8","author":"Kman N. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"AEM Education and Training"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2004.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10962"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tct.70083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T16:50:16Z","timestamp":1762361416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tct.70083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tct.70083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tct.70083","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-4971","1743-498X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-498X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70083"}}