{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:43:43Z","timestamp":1787510623805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":155,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008403","name":"Suomalainen L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riseura Duodecim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Virtual reality (VR) training requires the incorporation of teaching resources into the medical curriculum. This study aimed to explore whether a peer tutor would have an equal effect on learning as a clinical teacher.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Approach<\/jats:title>\n \n Medical students at the University of Eastern Finland were invited to take part in a voluntary exercise. The exercise used the VR4HEALTHCARE software with OCULUS Rift S glasses to practice inserting a suprapubic catheter. A peer tutor or clinical teacher assisted the students with the system and content. Students were advised to rate their knowledge and professional self\u2010confidence on the topic before and after the VR HMD exercise on a scale of 0\u201310 (0\u2009=\u2009\n worst<\/jats:italic>\n ; 10\u2009=\u2009\n best<\/jats:italic>\n , the numbers also had verbal meaning). Students performed an objective knowledge test (0\u20135 points) before and after the exercise. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 software. Fisher's exact test was used to compare nominal data and the Mann\u2013Whitney U\u2010test for nonparametric data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evaluation<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty\u2010four medical students participated in the study; 15 in the peer\u2010tutor group and 19 in the medical teacher group. In both groups, the baseline scores increased equally in the students' self\u2010assessment of their knowledge (2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 and 4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.137) and in the professional self\u2010confidence to perform the task (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 and 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.336).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications<\/jats:title>\n Integrating VR simulations with head\u2010mounted displays into the curriculum has been difficult. Based on our study, peer tutors may solve at least the staff's time management problems. However, there was no statistical difference between the peer tutor and clinical teacher groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T06:53:02Z","timestamp":1749106382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virtual Reality Learning in Suprapubic Catheter Insertion: The Role of Peer\u2010Tutor Guidance Versus Teacher"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Nuutinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Kuopio University Hospital Microsurgery Center Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Lavikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo\u00a0K.","family":"Nykopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Urology, FICAN EAST Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joonas","family":"Sirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU) Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2007.9978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201002038\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010022\u201011167\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2019.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590701874041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Teaching and Assessing Clinical Skills Using Virtual Reality","volume":"39","author":"Kaufman D. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2050345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10468781241237545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.692103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010019\u20101464\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055\u2010020\u201000466\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055\u2010022\u201000732\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2022.05.009"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tct.70107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T17:05:57Z","timestamp":1762362357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tct.70107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tct.70107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tct.70107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-4971","1743-498X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-498X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70107"}}