{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:15:01Z","timestamp":1770912901505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence is limited internationally regarding medical students' perceptions and training needs in patient safety, following the WHO Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021\u20132030, the COVID\u201019 pandemic, and the subsequent acceleration in digitalization. To address this gap, this study explores undergraduate medical students' knowledge of patient safety, attitudes regarding safety culture, experiences with errors, and their perspectives on improving patient safety through training and digitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed\u2010method design was employed, consisting of an online survey with open\u2010ended questions administered at a medical school in Greece. All registered undergraduate students were invited to complete a pretested 46\u2010item study tool, including demographics, the Greek version of the scale \u2018What is patient safety?\u2019 and their personal experiences, views on digitalization and educational needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 638 students from all 6\u2009years of study participated (58% female; 54.2% preclinical students). Findings revealed poor knowledge regarding error management (mean 2.4\/5) and the reporting process (mean 1.8\/5). Fear of blame culture was reported by 51.2%. Digitalization was expected to advance patient safety in multiple ways. Students advocated strengthening patient safety training (92.8%), emphasizing case\u2010based learning, integrating patient safety principles into the teaching of all clinical courses and watching their professors acting as role models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students feel underprepared to manage patient safety issues and request more relevant knowledge and skills. These findings highlight the urgency for appropriate training reforms, tailored to the students' needs, aiming to optimally prepare them to become key players in improving patient safety in a digitally evolving healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:06:31Z","timestamp":1766052391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient Safety \u2018Through Undergraduate Medical Students' Eyes\u2019: A Mixed\u2010Methods Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0233-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Social\u2010Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Xymitidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Social\u2010Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Strymponis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Social\u2010Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Panagopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4<sup>th<\/sup> Pediatric Clinic, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e1lter\u00a0R.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Athens Quality of Care and Patient Safety Office World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Athens Quality of Care and Patient Safety Office World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Athens Quality of Care and Patient Safety Office World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Tsimtsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Social\u2010Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021\u20132030: Towards Eliminating Avoidable Harm in Health Care","author":"World Health 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