{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:07:01Z","timestamp":1779152821053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Violence and aggression in healthcare is a growing concern. Whilst the experiences of healthcare workers are well understood, less is known about the impact on medical students. Often among the most junior members of clinical teams, they may be particularly vulnerable facing unique academic and career\u2010related consequences. We explored the prevalence, impact of and interventions for violence towards medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Studies were eligible if they involved medical students exposed to violence or aggression from patients or their families and reported on prevalence, impact or interventions. Screening, data extraction and quality assessments were completed independently by two reviewers in line with PRISMA guidance. A narrative synthesis was used to describe results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen studies were included. Published between 2005 and 2024, studies spanned 10 countries and included sample sizes from 24 to 4505 students. Reported prevalence ranged from 12% to 68%. Impacts were psychological including suicidal ideation, depressive and anxiety symptoms alongside other health\u2010related issues, namely, sleep disturbance and alcohol misuse. Academic and career\u2010related implications were identified. Studies reported very low rates of incident reporting, citing fear of consequences and limited awareness of reporting processes. Evaluated interventions were exclusively educational and findings relied heavily on self\u2010reported data.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Implications<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students experience violence at a concerning rate, with wide\u2010ranging consequences. Underreporting is significant and existing interventions are limited in scope. There is a clear need for institutional policy development and further research to better protect medical students and support their professional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.70410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:53:33Z","timestamp":1776423213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Violence and Aggression Towards Medical Students: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Impact and Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zena","family":"Tansley\u2010Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3424-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Creswick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6315-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Fakulujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1789-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowena","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1039-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04844-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-021-01689-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22558-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. [Internet] \u201cThe Effects of Workplace Violence \u201d (2024) retrieved Aug 29 2025 https:\/\/www.bma.org.uk\/news\u2010and\u2010opinion\/the\u2010effects\u2010of\u2010workplace\u2010violence."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","article-title":"NHS Reviews Abuse of Staff and Patients, as Legal Bill Exceeds \u00a382m in Five Years","volume":"381","author":"Waters A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"L.JonesandZ.Quigg \u201cCosts of Violence to the NHS in England in 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A.Booth\u2010Rosamond R.Bates et\u00a0al. \u201cWork\u2010Based Violence Harassment and Abuse Towards NHS Staff in England [Internet] \u201d Liverpool John Moores University Public Health World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Violence Prevention retrieved September 2 2025 https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/supporting\u2010our\u2010nhs\u2010people\/health\u2010and\u2010wellbeing\u2010programmes\/violence\u2010prevention\u2010and\u2010safety\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2024.32"}],"container-title":["The Clinical 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