{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:07:01Z","timestamp":1779152821112,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Misgendering transgender people in healthcare contributes to fear of discrimination and stigmatisation, and transgender health inequality. Much of the language used to describe biology is discussed in a cisnormative manner. We explored the language used in a clinical skills laboratory, where pelvic mannequins with external genitalia were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urethral catheterisation practical sessions were organised for 4th and 5th\u2010year medical students at a UK undergraduate medical department. Students and facilitators were blinded to the research nature initially. Sessions were directly observed by clinical educators who wrote reflections based on the language used in the classroom. Following the observation, the research details were presented to students. A questionnaire was used to establish students' previous learning experiences of transgender health and the students' awareness of their own language to describe medical mannequins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evaluation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010one reflections were generated by seven observers across 14 sessions. Fifty\u2010five students completed the questionnaire. Three main themes were identified from the observer reflections: heavily utilised gendered language, linguistic mirroring between facilitators and students and one\u2010dimensional task\u2010focus. Fifty\u2010two out of fifty\u2010five (94.5%) of participants responded that they had not previously considered the appropriateness of using pronouns when referring to mannequins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified the need for systemic changes including relabelling mannequins and procedures from \u2018male\u2019 and \u2018female\u2019 to using anatomical terms such as \u2018penile\u2019 or \u2018vulval\u2019 catheterisation. The finding of significant linguistic mirroring shows that better faculty training is necessary. There are also opportunities to introduce transformative learning in clinical skills practice, challenging unhealthy and unhelpful behaviours without compromising skill acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.70427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:53:01Z","timestamp":1776775981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Assignment Based on Mannequin Anatomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1469-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dowan","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust  Bristol UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Brew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust  Bristol UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Hartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics \u201cGender Identity England and Wales: Census 2021. Census 2021 \u201d (January 6 2023) Retrieved April 12 2023 https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/culturalidentity\/genderidentity\/bulletins\/genderidentityenglandandwales\/census2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cGovernment Equalities the Office National LGBT Survey Summary Report \u201d Government Equalities Office; (July 2018) Retrieved March 12 2022 https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/national\u2010lgbt\u2010survey\u2010summary\u2010report."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"C. L.Bachmann B.Gooch. \u201cLGBT in Britain Health Report \u201d Stonewall (2018) 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","author":"Butler J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Measuring the Effectiveness of Universal Design for Learning Intervention in Postsecondary Education","volume":"26","author":"Davies P. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2017.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09362830802412216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074171369404400403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jedm.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199411000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Clinical Simulation Healthcare Education and Training: An Integrative Review","volume":"1","author":"Ibrahim S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Healthcare Simulation"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Teacher"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tct.70427","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tct.70427","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tct.70427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:24:36Z","timestamp":1779150276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tct.70427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tct.70427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tct.70427","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-4971","1743-498X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-498X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70427"}}