{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:10:27Z","timestamp":1774653027538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>We sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors for high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HPV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection among female liver transplant (LT<\/jats:styled-content>) candidates. Traditional health screening before LT<\/jats:styled-content> listing has included Pap smear and is typically carried out by the patient's local provider. The prevalence of high\u2010risk HPV<\/jats:styled-content> in this population has not been studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>With Institutional Review Board approval, 62 LT<\/jats:styled-content> candidates received a liquid\u2010based Pap smear with high\u2010risk HPV<\/jats:styled-content> testing as part of their pre\u2010transplant evaluation by a single provider. Clinical variables included age, ethnicity, insurance status, prior Pap smear, and HPV<\/jats:styled-content> results, HPV<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors including age of first intercourse, number of lifetime partners, last sexual activity, smoking, birth control pill use, history of sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus status, immunosuppressive medication, medical diagnoses, prescribed medications, and history of hepatitis A, B, C, or D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The 62 women had a median age of 56\u00a0years, and 39% had high\u2010risk behavior known to be associated with HPV<\/jats:styled-content>. Ten of 62 patients (16.1%) had high\u2010risk HPV<\/jats:styled-content> at baseline screening, 5 of whom had atypical cytology. All of the patients who were positive for high\u2010risk HPV<\/jats:styled-content> had an etiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) as the underlying cause of liver disease, with the majority (90%) having no history of high\u2010risk behavior for HPV<\/jats:styled-content>. In contrast, all patients with high\u2010risk behavior who were HCV<\/jats:styled-content> negative were HPV<\/jats:styled-content> negative. Fisher's exact test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between HPV<\/jats:styled-content> and HCV<\/jats:styled-content>; odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a024.4, 95% confidence interval, 1.4, 438.7, P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.0013. None of the other potential risk factors were associated with HPV<\/jats:styled-content> in this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In this study, we provide evidence of a strong association between HCV<\/jats:styled-content> and HPV<\/jats:styled-content> in LT<\/jats:styled-content> candidates, which has not been previously reported. HPV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity was observed in non\u2010sexually active women, suggesting a reactivation of dormant HPV<\/jats:styled-content>. An association between hepatitis C and high\u2010risk HPV<\/jats:styled-content> could involve impairment of T\u2010cell function by hepatitis C. These data support close surveillance in women's health screening for LT<\/jats:styled-content> candidates. Further studies to characterize immune responses in these patients will be in order.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T04:52:10Z","timestamp":1367902330000},"page":"400-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of high\u2010risk human papilloma virus among women with hepatitis C virus before liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"P.A.","family":"Tarallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Smolowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Carriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Tarallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Emond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society.Estimated new cancer cases and deaths by sex US 2010. 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