{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:11:22Z","timestamp":1761718282615},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,18]],"date-time":"2013-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>As more solid organ transplantations are performed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>), post\u2010transplant complications in this population are becoming better defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Using serum samples from the Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>: Multi\u2010Site Study, we studied the epidemiology of acquired hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG<\/jats:styled-content>) after liver transplantation (LT<\/jats:styled-content>) in 79 HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals with a median CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count at enrollment of 288 (interquartile range 200\u2013423) cells\/\u03bcL. Quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels before and after LT<\/jats:styled-content> were measured, with moderate and severe HGG<\/jats:styled-content> defined as IgG 350\u2013500\u00a0mg\/dL and <350\u00a0mg\/dL, respectively. Incidence, risk factors, and associated outcomes of moderate or worse HGG<\/jats:styled-content> were evaluated using K<\/jats:styled-content>aplan\u2013M<\/jats:styled-content>eier estimator and proportional hazards (PH<\/jats:styled-content>) models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The 1\u2010year cumulative incidence of moderate or worse HGG<\/jats:styled-content> was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 6\u201322%); no new cases were observed between years 1 and 2. In a multivariate PH<\/jats:styled-content> model, higher pre\u2010transplant model for end\u2010stage liver disease score (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and treated acute rejection (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) were both identified as significant predictors of moderate or worse HGG<\/jats:styled-content>. There was a strong association of IgG levels <500\u00a0mg\/dL with non\u2010opportunistic serious infection (hazard ratio [95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 3.5 [1.1\u201310.6]; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and mortality (3.2 [1.1\u20139.4]; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). These associations held after adjustment for important determinants of infection and survival among the entire cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>These results suggest that a proportion of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive LT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients will develop clinically significant HGG<\/jats:styled-content> after transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T15:09:21Z","timestamp":1381244961000},"page":"581-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia in HIV<\/scp>\u2010positive subjects after liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"K.S.","family":"Gregg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Barin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMMES Corporation Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pitrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ramaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kaiser Permanente Medical Group San Jose California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pursell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283186bbc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00331-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200101270-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000180531.66518.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1609OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2003.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2007.00556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91827-8"},{"issue":"80","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"2301","article-title":"Significance of hyperglobulinemia in severe chronic liver diseases\u2013with special reference to the correlation between serum globulin\/IgG level and ICG clearance","volume":"54","author":"Tanaka S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"HIV\u2010Related Predictors and Outcomes in 275 Liver and\/or Kidney Transplant Recipients","author":"Roland M","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.696682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.10.9"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious 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