{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:38:51Z","timestamp":1785933531157,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Bloodstream infection (BSI<\/jats:styled-content>) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a well\u2010known complication during the pre\u2010engraftment phase. Knowledge of trends in etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of BSI<\/jats:styled-content> is important as the time to effective antibiotic treatment is closely associated with survival in bacteremic patients with septic shock.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>BSI<\/jats:styled-content> during the pre\u2010engraftment phase was studied retrospectively in 521 patients undergoing HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> at our center in 2001\u20132008. Incidence, risk factors, outcome, and microbiology findings were investigated and compared with BSI<\/jats:styled-content> in a cohort transplanted during 1975\u20131996.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The incidence of at least 1 episode of BSI<\/jats:styled-content> was 21%, the total attributable mortality of BSI<\/jats:styled-content> was 3.3%, and crude mortality at day 120 after transplantation was 21%. The rate of gram\u2010positive and gram\u2010negative BSI<\/jats:styled-content> was 80% and 13%, respectively. Gram\u2010negative BSI<\/jats:styled-content> was more frequent both in 2001\u20132004 and in 2005\u20132008 compared with 1986\u20131996 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023 for 2001\u20132004, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001 for 2005\u20132008), with fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic> as the predominant finding. BSI<\/jats:styled-content> with viridans streptococci and E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> occurred significantly earlier after HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> than BSI<\/jats:styled-content> with E<\/jats:styled-content>nterococcus<\/jats:italic> species, with median time of 4, 8, and 11\u00a0days, respectively (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01 both for viridians streptococci vs. E<\/jats:styled-content>nterococcus<\/jats:italic> species, and E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> vs. E<\/jats:styled-content>nterococcus<\/jats:italic> species). Risk factors for BSI<\/jats:styled-content> in multivariate analysis were transplantation from unrelated donor and cord blood as stem cell source, whereas peripheral blood as stem cell source was protective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Despite low attributable mortality of BSI<\/jats:styled-content>, crude mortality at day 120 after transplantation was 21%, indicating an association between BSI<\/jats:styled-content> and other risk factors for death. The risk of gram\u2010negative BSI<\/jats:styled-content> increased over time in parallel with an increased rate of quinolone resistance. However, the incidence and attributable mortality of gram\u2010negative BSI<\/jats:styled-content> remained low. Thus, prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin is still deemed appropriate, but continued assessments of the risk and benefits of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis must be performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T10:06:04Z","timestamp":1388397964000},"page":"106-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of bloodstream infections during the pre\u2010engraftment phase in 521 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Blennow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Therapeutic Immunology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ljungman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Hematology Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sparrelid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Therapeutic Immunology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Remberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Therapeutic Immunology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2008.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2005.00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Acyclovir prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients","volume":"47","author":"Lundgren G","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Sweden. 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