{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:50:49Z","timestamp":1789908649219,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumonia frequently affects solid organ transplant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content>) recipients, with high morbidity and mortality. However, the few studies on pneumonia in this population are mainly retrospective, single\u2010center, and long\u2010term studies, or include patients with only one type of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> or a specific etiology. We performed a point prevalence study to investigate epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of pneumonia in an unselected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Italian and Spanish transplant centers were invited to report on all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients with pneumonia treated during 2 separate weeks (1 each in February and June 2012).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 35 centers (18 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>taly, 17 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>pain) agreed to participate and collected 54 cases. The incidence of pneumonia was 10.1 episodes\/1000 recipients\/year. Pneumonia was classified as late (&gt;6\u00a0months) in 70.4% of cases. Pneumonia was also classified as community\u2010acquired (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content>), healthcare\u2010associated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCAP<\/jats:styled-content>), and hospital\u2010acquired (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAP<\/jats:styled-content>) pneumonia in 40.7%, 38.9%, and 20.4% of cases, respectively. An attempt to microbiological diagnosis (\u22651 sample) was made in 94.4% of patients, with a diagnostic yield of 60.7%. Causative agents included bacteria (87.1%), virus (29%), and fungi (6.4%). A multidrug\u2010resistant bacterium was isolated in 18.2%, 40%, and 100% of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HCAP<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), respectively. Overall, 11.1% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 3.7% developed graft rejection, and graft function deteriorated in 18.5%. In\u2010hospital mortality was 1.9%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumonia remains a frequent problem in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients, although it occurs later in patients who are in better physical health. Therefore, harmful pathogens and worse outcome are less common than previously thought.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T09:46:54Z","timestamp":1394012814000},"page":"232-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Giannella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1on Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1on Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Hospital de Ciudad Real Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases Service ISMETT Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Ospedale di Circolo\u2010Fondazione Macchi Universit\u00e0 dell'Insubria Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hospital General 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