{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:44:33Z","timestamp":1758980673029,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1711105-1361940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1711105-1361940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural immunity against cytomegalovirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content>) can control virus replication after solid organ transplantation; however, it is not known which components of the adaptive immune system mediate this protection. We investigated whether this protection requires human leukocyte antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>) matching between donor and recipient by exploiting the fact that, unlike transplantation of other solid organs, liver transplantation does not require <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> matching, but some donor and recipient pairs may nevertheless be matched by chance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To further investigate this immune control, we determined whether chance <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> matching between donor (D) and recipient (R) in liver transplants affected a range of viral replication parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 274 liver transplant recipients were stratified according to matches at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> A, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> B, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA DR<\/jats:styled-content> loci. The incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> viremia, kinetics of replication, and peak viral load were similar between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> matched and mismatched patients in the D+\/R+ and D\u2212\/R+ transplant groups. D+\/R\u2212 transplants with 1 or 2 mismatches at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA DR<\/jats:styled-content> locus had a higher incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> viremia &gt;3000 genomes\/mL blood compared to patients matched at this locus (78% vs. 17%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). Evidence was seen that matching at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> A locus had a small effect on peak viral loads in D+\/R\u2212 patients, with median peak loads of 3540 and 14,706 genomes\/mL in the 0 and combined (1 and 2) mismatch groups, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, our data indicate that, in the setting of liver transplantation, prevention of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and control of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> replication by adaptive immunity is minimally influenced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> matching of the donor and recipient. Our data raise questions about immune control of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> in the liver and also about the cells in which the virus is amplified to give rise to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> viremia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T12:33:40Z","timestamp":1420806820000},"page":"25-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of donor\/recipient human leukocyte antigen mismatch on human cytomegalovirus replication following liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"R.W.","family":"Aldridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Population Health University College London (UCL) London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.M.","family":"Mattes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rolando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Rolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health UCL London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Shirling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthony Nolan Centre Anthony Nolan Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL\/Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Burroughs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.S.B.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL\/Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.C.","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences University of Surrey Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL\/Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00372.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02824.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02369.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04087.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00581-07"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02191.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02425.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00871.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60136-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","DOI":"10.1086\/425905"},{"unstructured":"FryerJF HeathAB AndersonR et\u00a0al.;World Health Organization Biologicals Unit Collaborative Study Group WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.Collaborative study to evaluate the proposed 1st [first] WHO international standard for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for nucleic acid amplification (NAT)\u2010based assays.World Health Organization 2010. 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