{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1790116963608,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recipients of lung transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content>) and heart\u2010lung transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLT<\/jats:styled-content>) are at increased risk of infection, including invasive mold infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content>s). The clinical presentation, radiographic correlates, and outcomes of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content>s in this population have not been well documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content>s between 1990 and 2012 were identified using the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment and Stanford <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLT<\/jats:styled-content> clinical database. Recipient clinical and radiographic characteristics were obtained via retrospective review of medical records and compared between <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> mold recipients. Risk factors for mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, 87 (14%) transplant recipients were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species were isolated in 63 (72%) and non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> molds in 24 (28%) recipients. No significant difference was seen in presenting symptoms or radiographic findings between <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> mold recipients. Median time to diagnosis was 363\u00a0days in the <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> group and 419\u00a0days in the non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> group, with dissemination occurring only within the non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> group (12.5%). Overall 90\u2010day and 1\u2010year mortality following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content> was 24% and 44%. One\u2010year mortality was increased in the non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> group (39.5% vs. 60.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is significant overlap in risk factors, presentation, and radiographic patterns in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMI<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients. Non\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> molds were more likely to present late, with disseminated disease, and portend increased 1\u2010year mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T07:05:24Z","timestamp":1423033524000},"page":"259-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Invasive mold infections in lung and heart\u2010lung transplant recipients: Stanford University experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Vazquez\u2010Guillamet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 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