{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:06:59Z","timestamp":1770977219952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>) recipients have multiple risk factors for coccidioidomycosis, and previous reports of coccidioidomycosis in this patient population describe severe infections with poor outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective chart review of allo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients with active coccidioidomycosis to characterize the utility of diagnostic tests for coccidioidomycosis and to determine treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven of 426 (2.6%) allo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients experienced active coccidioidomycosis after transplantation. Of these 11 patients, 1 (9%) had extrapulmonary infection, 9 (82%) patients were hospitalized, and 5 (45%) died. Culture or histology was positive in 33% (3\/9) of the patients tested. Most (64% [7\/11]) had at least 1 positive serologic test result, and the enzyme immunoassay immunoglobulin G test was positive most often (overall 55% [6\/11]). Chest radiographs and chest computed tomography scans showed miliary or multifocal nodular infiltrates or consolidations, consistent with coccidioidomycosis, in 80% (8\/10) and 100% (9\/9), respectively, of patients tested throughout the course of active illness. Rapid polymerase chain reaction testing was positive in 71% (5\/7) of the patients tested. Peripheral eosinophilia was present in 18% (2\/11) of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in allo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients in an area endemic for <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>. Diagnosis of this infection can be difficult and often requires multiple and frequently invasive tests. Antifungal prophylaxis should be considered for patients at highest risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,14]],"date-time":"2015-02-14T07:34:48Z","timestamp":1423899288000},"page":"380-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of coccidioidomycosis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Hospital Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Hospital Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases 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