{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1769599037118,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia<\/jats:italic> species are ubiquitous environmental organisms that can cause a diverse spectrum of disease. Clinical manifestations range from localized skin and soft tissue infections to life\u2010threatening pulmonary, central nervous system, and\/or disseminated infections. Patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>) are at risk for nocardiosis, and further data in regard to characteristics of disease in this population are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed retrospective chart review of patients post allogeneic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> at Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida diagnosed with nocardiosis from 2003 to 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a decade, 15 cases of nocardiosis were identified. The majority of patients were men (11\/15). The median age was 55 years (range 25\u201365). The most common type of transplant was matched\u2010related donor (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8), followed by matched\u2010unrelated donor (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3), mismatched\u2010unrelated donor (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3), and double umbilical cord (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1). Ten received myeloablative conditioning (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content>) regimens. Twelve of 15 patients were on prednisone, 10 of which were on a total daily dose \u226520 mg. The median time from transplant to first positive culture was 10 months (range 1.5\u201393). Pulmonary nocardiosis was the most prevalent manifestation at 87%. Disseminated disease (2 or more sites of infection) was seen in 47%, whereas blood cultures were positive in 27% of the total cohort. The most common species was <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia nova<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4). At the time of diagnosis, 20% of the patients were receiving prophylaxis for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>neumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content>) with trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content>). Susceptibility data were available for 8 patients: all 8 samples were susceptible to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content>. Nocardiosis was treated with 2 or more active drugs in 93% of the patients. Overall mortality was 53%, with nocardiosis attributed as the cause in 62.5% (5\/8). The absolute lymphocyte count at time of diagnoses was significantly lower in patients who ultimately experienced treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia<\/jats:italic> species in allogeneic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients appears to be a late complication of transplantation and most commonly involves the lung. Two\u2010thirds of the cohort received a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> regimen and the majority of the patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis. Most patients were not receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis at the time of nocardiosis diagnosis, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content> may therefore have a protective effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T10:58:51Z","timestamp":1453805931000},"page":"169-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Nocardiosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Morton Plant Hospital BayCare Health System Clearwater Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Pasikhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Ibekweh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ludlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Baluch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2015-5"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nocardia infections","volume":"4","author":"Munksgaard B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-0026-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01531-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46084-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01244-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01102-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10071542"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftid.12499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.12499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:47:36Z","timestamp":1695574056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.12499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.12499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12499","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]}}}