{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:31:37Z","timestamp":1773099097534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bloodstream infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>s) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content>). We sought to determine the types of nosocomial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>s and risk factors for them in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospectively collected databases of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> and nosocomial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>s occurring at our institution for a 10\u2010year period were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2003\u20132012, we observed 157 nosocomial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> episodes in 2257 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content>s, the majority of which were caused by staphylococci and enterococci (67.5%). The most common sources of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> were central line, organ space, respiratory, and gastrointestinal. Kidney transplant patients had the lowest risk of acquiring a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> compared with other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content> types. Lung transplant patients were at increased risk of methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> and heart transplant patients were at increased risk of a <jats:italic>Candida albicans <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>, when compared to other organ transplant types. When coagulase\u2010negative <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> (Co<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>) or <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was isolated, the central line was most often the source. The implementation of central\u2010line bundles during the study period correlated temporally with a decreased rate of Co<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS BSI<\/jats:styled-content>. Over the 10\u2010year period, vancomycin\u2010resistant enterococci became the most common enterococcal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>. Donor\u2010positive cytomegalovirus status was associated with an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>, when compared to donor\u2010negative patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the common sources, risk factors, and causative organisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>, which can guide empiric antibiotic choices, and highlights areas where preventative interventions could be targeted to prevent nosocomial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1453972292000},"page":"183-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections in solid organ transplants over a 10\u2010year period"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.M.","family":"Berenger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Doucette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0787-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.09.181"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2307\/30147434","article-title":"Comparative risk of bloodstream infection in organ transplant recipients","volume":"15","author":"McClean K","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000797"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1970","article-title":"National burden of invasive methicillin\u2010resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, United States, 2011","volume":"173","author":"Dantes R","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada.Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms (ARO) Surveillance [Internet]. 2013. 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