{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:41:02Z","timestamp":1788716462754,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is necessary to determine the incidence and risk factors for tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>), as well as strategies to assess and treat latent tuberculosis infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTBI<\/jats:styled-content>) in lung transplant recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of 398 lung transplant recipients was performed. Episodes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> were studied and the incidence rate was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze specific variables as potential risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median follow\u2010up was 558\u00a0days (range 1\u20136636). Six cases (1.5%) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> were documented in 398 transplant patients. The incidence density of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> was 406.3 cases\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> patient\u2010years (95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 164.7\u2013845), which is higher than in the general population (13.10 cases\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> person\u2010years). All cases occurred in the period 1993\u20132006, when the tuberculin skin test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TST<\/jats:styled-content>) and treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTBI<\/jats:styled-content> in positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TST<\/jats:styled-content> patients were not part of the protocol. Pretransplant computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) showed residual lesions in 50% of patients who developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>, although the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TST<\/jats:styled-content> was negative and the chest radiograph was inconclusive. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of residual lesions in the pretransplant chest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 11.5, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.9\u201369.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), use of azathioprine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 10.6, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.1\u201399.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038), and use of everolimus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.7, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.1\u201339.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036) as independent risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Residual lesions in the pretransplant chest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s and the use of azathioprine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTOR<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors are associated with the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T19:33:40Z","timestamp":1464204820000},"page":"512-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk of tuberculosis after lung transplantation: the value of pretransplant chest computed tomography and the impact of m<scp>TOR<\/scp> inhibitors and azathioprine use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Guirao\u2010Arrabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba (UCO) C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Redel\u2010Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cantis\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba (UCO) C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba (UCO) C\u00f3rdoba 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