{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:50:48Z","timestamp":1783471848339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplants are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content>). Data on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> in this population are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the epidemiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> among pediatric transplant recipients in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCV<\/jats:styled-content>) era.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified transplant recipients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> at 8 children's hospitals in the U.S. from our surveillance database (2000\u20102014). Pneumococcal isolates were collected prospectively. Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility were performed in a central laboratory. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and continuous variables with nonparametric tests. Indirect cohort study design was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 65 episodes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> in transplant recipients. Recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in 10% of transplant recipients. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> crude incidence rate in solid organ transplant recipients was higher than in the general population. Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> episodes occurred &gt;6\u00a0months after transplantation. Bacteremia and pneumonia were the most common presentations. Meningitis was unusual. No case fatalities were observed. Serotype 19A was the most common serotype (n=10), followed by 6C (n=7). In 2010\u20102014, 37% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> was caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCV<\/jats:styled-content>13 serotypes. Four cases of vaccine breakthrough were identified. Most isolates were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. Pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide immunization rates were low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric transplant recipients remain at increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> in the vaccine era. Most cases presented as a late post\u2010transplant infection. The interval between transplantation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPI<\/jats:styled-content> may allow adequate time for pneumococcal immunization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T08:27:29Z","timestamp":1478766449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Invasive pneumococcal infections in children following transplantation in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Liset","family":"Olarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philana Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Barson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Q.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence B.","family":"Givner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill A.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Southern California School of Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Rady Children's Hospital San Diego  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina G.","family":"Hult\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward O.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon L.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Use of 13\u2010valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23\u2010valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among children aged 6\u201018\u00a0years with immunocompromising conditions: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2005.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318275614b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-032284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Testing; Twenty\u2010fourth Informational Supplement, CLSI document M100\u2013S24","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children. 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