{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:13:05Z","timestamp":1789747985826,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive fungal infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s) are an infrequent but major complication of heart transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>). We sought to describe the epidemiology at our institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study of 159 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">heart transplant<\/jats:styled-content> recipients was performed from June 2005 to December 2012. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s were defined by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Mycoses Study Group criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By univariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.01, odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 7.0, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.7\u201027.9). Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression was performed adjusting for Hispanic ethnicity, age, and gender. Seventeen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s were identified, occurring at a median 110\u00a0days post <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (interquartile range: 32\u2010411\u00a0days). Five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s (29% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s and 3.1% of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>) occurred during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalization, with 13 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s during the first year (incidence 8.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cumulative incidence was 10.7%. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s were associated with pre\u2010 and post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> vancomycin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> colonization and\/or infection, post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> renal replacement therapy, anti\u2010thymocyte globulin induction, and antibody\u2010mediated rejection. There were no associations with diabetes mellitus, desensitization, 2R\/3R cellular rejection, treatments for rejection, re\u2010operation, neutropenia, or cytomegalovirus infection. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFI<\/jats:styled-content>s were associated with death (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.02, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.9, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.3\u201012.1) and 1\u2010year mortality (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 9.0, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3\u201035.7), but not 3\u2010year mortality. Associations with Hispanic ethnicity must be validated. Optimal strategies for risk reduction and prophylaxis remain undefined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]],"date-time":"2016-12-10T12:23:31Z","timestamp":1481372611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Invasive fungal infection after heart transplantation: A 7\u2010year, single\u2010center experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6301-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio A.","family":"Echenique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Angarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin C.","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis O.","family":"Abicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Department of Preventative Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Stosor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Division of Organ Transplantation Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-1-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-2-209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.705018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.09.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334519a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Prevalence and outcome of invasive fungal infections in 1,963 thoracic organ transplant recipients: A multicenter retrospective study. 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