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Chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content>) is highly effective in preventing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content> in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and \u2010seronegative patients. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients, the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content> is strongly correlated with decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count. The role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> immunocompromised patients is less well studied. For most immunosuppressive conditions, no clear guidelines indicate whether to start <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature review with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts in managing the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010seronegative patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 63 individual studies retrieved, 14 studies report on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts in a variety of immunosuppressive conditions. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count were &lt;200\/\u03bcL in 73.1% of the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count &lt;200\/\u03bcL is a sensitive biomarker to identify non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> immunocompromised patients who are at risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PJP<\/jats:styled-content>. Measuring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts could help clinicians identify patients who may benefit from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T05:18:47Z","timestamp":1483075127000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The role of <scp>CD<\/scp>4 cell count as discriminatory measure to guide chemoprophylaxis against <i><scp>P<\/scp>neumocystis jirovecii<\/i> pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010negative immunocompromised patients: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Messiaen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity Jessa Hospital  Hasselt Belgium"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED Hasselt University  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senne","family":"Cuyx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity Jessa Hospital  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Dejagere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Jessa Hospital  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen C.","family":"van der Hilst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity Jessa Hospital  Hasselt Belgium"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED Hasselt University  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.020096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.131668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001183220304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"CD005590","article-title":"Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non\u2010HIV immunocompromised patients","volume":"10","author":"Stern A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"EBPG Expert Group on Renal Transplantation. 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