{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:28:48Z","timestamp":1768883328217,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>In 2013, guidelines were released for reducing the risk of viral bloodborne pathogen transmission through organ transplantation. Eleven criteria were described that result in a donor being designated at increased infectious risk. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatitis C virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) transmission risk from an increased\u2010risk donor (IRD<\/jats:styled-content>), despite negative nucleic acid testing (NAT<\/jats:styled-content>), likely varies based on behavior type and timing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We developed a Monte Carlo risk model to quantify probability of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> among IRD<\/jats:styled-content>s. The model included NAT<\/jats:styled-content> performance, viral load dynamics, and per\u2010act risk of acquiring HIV<\/jats:styled-content> by each behavior. The model also quantifies the probability of HCV<\/jats:styled-content> among IRD<\/jats:styled-content>s by non\u2010medical intravenous drug use (IVDU<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Highest risk is among donors with history of unprotected, receptive anal male\u2010to\u2010male intercourse with partner of unknown HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status (MSM<\/jats:styled-content>), followed by sex with an HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected partner, IVDU<\/jats:styled-content>, and sex with a commercial sex worker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>With NAT<\/jats:styled-content> screening, the estimated risk of undetected HIV<\/jats:styled-content> remains small even at 1\u00a0day following a risk behavior. The estimated risk for HCV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission through IVDU<\/jats:styled-content> is likewise small and decreases quicker with time owing to the faster viral growth dynamics of HCV<\/jats:styled-content> compared with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings may allow for improved organ allocation, utilization, and recipient informed consent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T18:06:46Z","timestamp":1486577206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A model to estimate the probability of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infection despite negative nucleic acid testing among increased\u2010risk organ donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pallavi D.","family":"Annambhotla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Gurbaxani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Associate Director for Science Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Kuehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridhar V.","family":"Basavaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 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