{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:12:15Z","timestamp":1790467935594,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PZ00P3_142403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ00P3_142403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Accurate diagnosis of invasive mold diseases (IMD<\/jats:styled-content>) remains challenging. Here, the performance of panfungal PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and Mucorales<\/jats:italic>PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL<\/jats:styled-content>) was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We conducted a single\u2010center study including 167 hematologic patients at risk for IMD<\/jats:styled-content> with BAL<\/jats:styled-content> performed 2011\u20102014. Diagnostic performance of single tests (Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u2010, Mucorales\u2010,<\/jats:italic> and panfungal PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, galactomannan (GM<\/jats:styled-content>)\u22650.5 and \u22651, culture\/cytology) or in combination was calculated for predicting IMD<\/jats:styled-content> comparing proven\/probable or proven\/probable\/possible IMD<\/jats:styled-content> vs no IMD<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>IMD<\/jats:styled-content> was classified as proven (n\u00a0=\u00a06), probable (n\u00a0=\u00a031), possible (n\u00a0=\u00a029) and no IMD<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a0101) according to EORTC<\/jats:styled-content>\/MSG<\/jats:styled-content> criteria. GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.5 in BAL<\/jats:styled-content> showed the highest sensitivity with 81% for diagnosing IMD<\/jats:styled-content> whereas the other tests only 5%\u201035%. By contrast, specificity was highest for panfungal PCR<\/jats:styled-content> with 99% and GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2265\u00a01, Mucorales<\/jats:italic> and Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>PCR<\/jats:styled-content> reached specificity \u226591%. When combining the tests, GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.5 and panfungal PCR<\/jats:styled-content> show a sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 78% for IMD<\/jats:styled-content> or with Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>PCR<\/jats:styled-content> a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 72% for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, respectively. Including possible IMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients did not improve the sensitivity of PCR<\/jats:styled-content>s. In probable\/proven IMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, the addition of panfungal PCR<\/jats:styled-content> resulted further in detection of Fusarium<\/jats:italic> species and Alternaria<\/jats:italic> species, and the Mucorales<\/jats:italic>PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was positive in 2 probable IMD<\/jats:styled-content> cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>This study illustrates that the diagnosis of IMD<\/jats:styled-content> is still very problematic and lacks objectivity. Together with GM<\/jats:styled-content> in BAL<\/jats:styled-content>, the PCR<\/jats:styled-content>s may prove an addition to the current available diagnostic armamentarium in IMD<\/jats:styled-content> because of their ability to identify molds on a species level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T07:05:31Z","timestamp":1528873531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diagnosis of invasive mold diseases in patients with hematological malignancies using Aspergillus<\/i>, Mucorales,<\/i> and panfungal PCR<\/scp> in BAL<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Wehrle\u2010Wieland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology 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